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19세기 말 영국 중부 산업 도시의 실업과 도시 공간의 주도권 문제: 노팅엄의 실업자 구제 사업과 헝거힐 가든 습격 사건을 중심으로

Unemployment and Struggle for Space in the Urban Context: Nottingham in the Late Nineteenth Century (With Particular Reference to Municipal Relief Works and the Hungerhill Gardens Attack)

민경현|박찬영
영국사학회|2011.12|영국연구 (The Korean Journal of British Studies)|제26호|pp. 153-179|DOI 10.22852/kjbs..26.201112.153

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참고문헌

키워드

실업자실업Unemployment도시 공간Urban Space노팅엄Nottingham체임벌린의 회람실업자 구제 사업헝거힐가든The UnemployedChamberlain’s CircularRelief WorksHungerhill Gardens.
주제분류역사학

초록

이 연구에서는 1880년대 체임벌린의 서한 발행을 전후하여 영국 도시의 주도 하에 진행한 실업자 구제 사업의 내용을 알아보고, 실업문제가 도시 공간에 투영되는 현상에 대해 논의하고자 한다. 이를 위해 중부 산업도시인 노팅엄의 사례를 다룬다. 노팅엄에서는 1884-85년에 걸쳐 시의 실업자 구제 사업이 시행되었으며, 1895-96년에는 시장 특별기금이 설립되었다. 이 같은 노팅엄의 실업 타개 노력은 버밍엄, 글래스고와 함께 1880년대 중반과 1890년대 초 중반에 걸친 불황기에 시 자치체와 대규모 자선단체가 주도하여 적극적인 실업 관련 구호사업을 벌인 지방도시의 전형을 보여 준다고 할 수 있다. 여기서는 특히 1884-85년의 노팅엄 실업자 구제 사업과 뒤이은 1885년 헝거힐 가든 습격 사건을 중심으로 경기침체를 겪는 영국의 중부 산업도시의 실업문제와 그 해결 과정에서 도시라는 공간이 서로 다른 층위의 도시민들에 의해 얼마나 다른 의미로 받아들여졌는가의 문제, 또 이 속에서 도시민들의 계급적 이해관계가 어떻게 도시의 특정 공간에 투영되어 가시화되는가를 논의하고자 한다.

Abstract

The 1880s were characterised by heavy depression and unemployment, and also considered as the point where a change in attitude towards the unemployment problem took place. One of the best known developments of the decade was Chamberlain’s circular in 1886, which gave legal authorisation to the provision of relief in non-pauperising works for the male, able-bodied, unemployed. The present paper examines how the unemployment problem was reflected towards the urban space of Nottingham in such a transitional period dealing with Municipal relief works in 1884-5, with special reference to the Hungerhill Gardens(HHG) attack in 1885. During the execution of the municipal relief works in 1884-5, the deserving/undeserving discourses was discernable among public opinion as well as a reporter of the COS. They assumed that the scheme was designed only for the deserving, “the respectable workers.” When the relief scheme was assessed, it was observed that the undesirability of the scheme lay not only in very limited practical effects of the scheme, but also and even more so, in the inappropriateness of its beneficiaries, the undeserving labourers. And the most important consideration leading to discrediting the scheme concerned the fear of a dangerous combination of ‘the unemployed’ and ‘the right to work’ that the scheme might induce. Apparently, the ensuing Hungerhill Gardens(HHG) attack realised the ultimate fear regarding municipal relief works, the notion of the right to work leading to organised action. The attack was indeed organised by the unemployed and targeted the tenants who refused to permit the taking of their gardens for a municipal conversion plan into building land as part of extended municipal relief works. The HHG attack was of importance in that it reflected the conflicting interests between the unemployed and garden holders surrounding the Hungerhill gardens sites in connection to the municipal relief works scheme and open space preservation.

참고문헌 (39)

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