스코틀랜드인에서 오스트레일리아 스코틀랜드인으로 - 스코틀랜드인들의 오스트레일리아 이민과 역사연구 -
The Scottish to the Australian Scottish - Scottish Immigration to Australia and the History Research -
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본고는 스코틀랜드인의 오스트레일리아 이민에 관한 연구사적 성취와 문제를 비판적 시각에서 분석하는 비평논문이다. 기존의 연구들은 식민지 정착초기의 이민자 사회 특성과도 연결되는 스코틀랜드인들의 ‘씨족적 이민조합체 문화’를 주목하거나 '독특한 재능을 가진 이민자들의 디아스포라' 현상을 추적하거나 또는 '거대인물'의 업적에 초점을 맞추어 온 경향이 있다. 이에 비해 최근의 연구들은 이민자들의 개별 특수성과 네트워크들의 특성, 종족적 정체성 문화를 주목하여 '종족적 뿌리에 기초한 문화의 다층성과 변경 및 유지'라는 관점에서 기여도 있는 결과들을 도출하고 있다. 이러한 연구동향에 대해 본고는 오스트레일리아를 의미평가 단위로 전제하는 연구로의 확장을 제안한다. 즉, '오스트레일리아 스코틀랜드인들의 스코틀랜드성' 및 스코틀랜드인들 주변의 '타자들'에 대한 연구 병행의 필요성, 다원주의 및 다문화, 탈식민의 관점에서 오스트레일리아인의 정체성과 오스트레일리아 국가정체성을 스코틀랜드인과 연결하는 연구의 필요성을 제기한다. 이로부터 영제국에 결속된 스코틀랜드인에서 '오스트레일리아 스코틀랜드인'이라는 총체적 정체성 사고와 통합문화를 전망하는 이민사 연구의 변화 모색을 강조한다.
Abstract
This article reviews researches on the Scottish immigration to Australia from a critical point of view. The previous studies have tendencies to focus on the "clannish union culture" of the Scottish immigrants, to lean on the pursuit of the "diaspora" phenomenon of immigrants with unique talents or the achievements of the 'big figure,' which are also linked to the characteristics of the Scottish immigrant society in the early stage of settlement. By contrast, the recent studies have focused on the individual characteristics of immigrants, on those of networks, and the identity of ethnic culture, having produced meaningful outputs in terms of 'change', 'continuity', and the 'multi-layeredness' based on the ethnic root. Such studies are on the cultural preservation for the establishment of 'Scottish beings' with regards to the function of the network, the network experience of individual immigrants, and their perception against 'the other' which is from a cultural alliance perspective in the settlement of the Scottish in the colonies. To this trend of research, this article suggests expanding research field that presupposes Australia as a meaningful evaluation unit. In other words, it raises the need to conduct parallel studies of the 'Scottishness of Australian Scottish people' and 'others' around the Scottish with the viewpoints of pluralism and multi-culturalism. And it also stresses the need to link the 'Australian identity' and the 'Australian national identity' in terms of post-colonialism. This paper thus emphasizes the need for changes in historical research on immigration, from focusing on the Scottish having been affiliated to the British empire to focusing on the prospect for the 'integrated culture' and 'the collective identity of 'Scottish Australians'.
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