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영제국 자치령 군인 정착민들의 정체성: 캐나다의 ‘스코틀랜드성(性)’을 중심으로

The Identity of British Dominion Settler Soldiers: With Special Regards to the Scottishness in Canada

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영국사학회|2023.06|영국연구 (The Korean Journal of British Studies)|제49호|pp. 187-232|DOI 10.22852/kjbs..49.202306.187

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참고문헌

키워드

민족주의Nationalism제국주의Imperialism상상의 공동체Imagined Community스코틀랜드 군인 정착민스코틀랜드 군사문화캐나다의 스코틀랜드성Scottish Military SettlersScottish Military CultureCanadian Scottishness
주제분류역사학

초록

본고는 스코틀랜드 군인 공동체적 특징이 두드려졌던 영제국 자치령 캐나다를 중심으로 스코틀랜드 군사문화적 특성의 발현이 ‘국가’와 ‘제국’ 그리고 ‘민족’의 관점에서 어떻게 사고할 수 있는지 조망해 보려는 시도이다. 특히 앤더슨의 ‘상상의 공동체’ 개념을 재고하는 한편, ‘제국주의와 민족주의’의 관점에서 캐나다의 사례가 어떠한 시사성을 갖는지 고찰한다. 결과적으로 본고는 캐나다에서 스코틀랜드의 군사적 정체성이 다중적 특성을 가졌음을 드러낸다. 아울러 캐나다의 사례가 민족주의와 제국주의의 상호 반이론적 개념을 탈피하는 역설의 예임을 밝힌다: 캐나다의 ‘스코틀랜드성’은 영제국을 연결하는 스코틀랜드 종족성의 유지 및 고유문화의 디아스포라적 확장, 캐나다 및 영제국에 대한 충성과 봉사, 정착민 사회 내부적 단결 및 방어와 지원, 캐나다인들의 통합적 정체성 형성에 기여하였다. 나아가 모호한 상상이 아니라 실존하는 공동체적 문화를 통해 정치적 공동체 감각을 형성하는 데 중추적 역할을 하였다.

Abstract

This study explores the manifestation of Scottish military-cultural traits in Canada, a self-governing dominion of the British Empire, where the communal aspects of Scottish soldiers were prominent. It examines how these characteristics can be understood from the perspectives of “nation,” “empire,” and “ethnicity.” In particular, it reconsiders B. Anderson's concept of the “imagined communities” while examining the implications of the Canadian case from the perspectives of “imperialism” and “nationalism.” As a result, the study reveals the multifaceted nature of Scottish military identity in Canada, shedding light on the paradoxical example that transcends the mutually antagonistic notions of nationalism and imperialism. The Scottishness in Canada has contributed to maintaining the Scottish kinship linking the British Empire, the diasporic expansion of its distinct culture, the demonstration of loyalty and service to the Canadian government and the British Empire, internal cohesion and defense within settler society, as well as the formation of an integrated Canadian identity. Rather than an ambiguous notion, it played a pivotal role in shaping a sense of political community through the existence of a tangible communal culture.

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