디트머의 ‘전략적 삼각’ 이론으로 분석한 영국식 외교정책 - 유럽 제국주의 팽창기(1884~1914), 영국의 위기 속 대응 -
British Foreign Policy analyzed by Dittmer's ‘Strategic Triangle' theory - During the European Imperialist Expansion Period (1884~1914), Britain's Response to the Crisis -
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본 글은 디트머의 전략적 삼각관계란 틀 안에서 제국주의 팽창기에 주요 유럽 5대 국가가 어떤 모습으로 외교적 균형을 잡아갔는가를 추적하였다. 또 ‘전략적 삼각’ 관계 속에서 만들어진 집단적인 균형 체제에서 일찍이 고립정책을 선포하며 빠져나온 영국이 이 시기에 펼친 ‘위기 속 대처’를 살펴보았다. 결론은 영국식 외교정책이 전략적 삼각관계로부터 탈피일 것이란 추론과 달리 전략적 삼각관계를 유지하는 중심적 역할을 하였고, 오히려 영국식 외교정책을 내려놓았을 때 전략적 삼각관계도 무너져서 제국주의 전쟁, 즉 1차 대전 발발과 연결된 점을 주목해 볼 수 있었다. 그렇기에 본 글에서 분석된 ‘전략적 삼각’이란 형태의 외교적 균형들과 영국식 외교정책의 관계 및 변화가 1차세계대전 발발 원인분석 성과물로 다루던 기존의 여러 연구를 좀 더 밀도 있게 이해하는 데 의미와 역할이 분명히 있을 것이란 점을 확신하게 해주었다.
Abstract
Within the framework of Dittmer's strategic triangle, this article traces how the five major European countries balanced their diplomatic balances during the period of imperialist expansion. It also examined the "crisis response" that Britain, which emerged from the collective balancing system created in a "strategic triangle" by declaring a policy of isolation earlier, carried out during this period. The conclusion is that, contrary to the inference that British foreign policy would break away from the strategic triangle, it played a central role in maintaining the strategic triangle, and on the contrary, when the British foreign policy was abandoned, the strategic triangle also collapsed, which was linked to the outbreak of the imperialist war, that is, the First World War. Thus, the diplomatic balances in the form of the 'strategic triangle' analyzed in this article and the relationship and changes in British foreign policy have convinced us that there given meaning and role in a more dense understanding of the various existing studies that have been treated as the results of the analysis of the causes of the outbreak of the First World War.
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