사례연구방법론의 발전과 동향: 국제 및 비교정치 연구를 중심으로
Case Study Research in International and Comparative Politics Studies
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본 연구는 킹⋅코헤인⋅버바의 Designing Social Inquiry(1994)와 이에 대한 비판을 통하여 사례연구방법론의 다양성과 유용성을 검토한다. 킹⋅코헤인⋅버바는 양적연구방법과 질적연구방법의 통합 가능성을 제시하고 기술 및 인과 추론을 위한 사례연구에 대한 가이드라인–관찰 횟수의 증가, 설명변수에 기초한 사례선정, 내재성에 대한 고려-을 제시하였다. 이에 대하여 질적연구자들은 사례연구방법론의 고유한 특성과 역할을 강조하며 비판적 태도를 보였다. 특히 이들은 (1) 과정추적(process-tracing)을 통한 인과메커니즘의 검증, (2) 복합 인과성(complex causality)의 규명 및 검증, (3) 양적 분석과 질적 분석을 결합한 혼합연구(mixed research)를 제시하면서 사례연구의 다양한 기능-개별 사례 설명, 가설 생성, 가설 검증, 가설의 타당성 조사–을 강조하였다. 최근 사례연구는 가설 검증을 통한 일반이론 발전에 집중하는 한편, 주요 사례의 이해와 가설 및 이론의 제시에 제한적으로 기여하고 있다.
Abstract
This paper reviews recent development in case study research method with focus on its diversity and utility. While King, Keohane and Verba ambitiously strived to unify quantitative and qualitative research method as providing detailed guidelines for descriptive and causal inference, many qualitative research scholars criticized their approach as deemphasizing case study’s own strengths and roles in theory development. Recently, students of case study method have paid increasing attention to process-tracing, complex causality, and mixed research and developed more transparent and reliable case study research method. Indeed, many theory-oriented studies in international relations and comparative politics have employed case study method not only for understanding or explaining individual cases but also for generating, probing, or testing hypotheses.
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