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한국과 대만의 저출산 대응정책 분기: 젠더 노동시장의 관점

The Divergence of Policy Responses to Low Fertility in South Korea and Taiwan: From a Perspective of Gender Labor Market

정현욱|스스쥔
한국사회역사학회 (Korean Association Of Socio-Historical Studies)|2021.10|담론201 (Discourse 201)|제24권 제3호|pp. 193-230|DOI 10.17789/discou.2021.24.3.006

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참고문헌

키워드

한국South Korea대만Taiwan저출산Gender role가족정책Low fertility생산레짐Family policy젠더 역할Production regime
주제분류사회학

초록

한국과 대만은 과거 권위주의 정권 하 급속한 산업화 과정에서 출산 억제 중심의 유사한 가족정책을 추진했지만, 민주화 이후 저출산 문제에 직면하면서 정책적 접근이 분기되었다. 한국 정부는 적극적으로 출산장려정책을 수립하고 방대한 예산을 투입해 관련 조치를 시행한 반면, 대만 정부는 상대적으로 소극적인 입장과 방식을 취했다. 본논문은 그 이유에 의문을 갖고 젠더에 초점을 맞춘 비교정치경제 접근법으로 양국의저출산 대응정책을 비교하였다. 한국은 대기업 중심적 산업구조에서 기업특수기술이요구되면서 남성 위주의 노동시장이 형성되었다. 이에 반해 대만 경제는 산업⋅일반기술을 요구하는 중소기업 중심의 산업구조가 형성되면서 상대적으로 여성의 노동 참여가 용이하였다. 이러한 제도적 차이는 성역할에 대한 한국과 대만의 상이한 사회적 기대와 규범을 형성했으며, 정부의 분기된 저출산 대응 태도와 정책 추구로 이어졌다. 한국과 대만 정부의 대응책은 모두 성과가 미미하며 결과적으로 현저한 차이를 도출하지는 못했다. 하지만 이글의 분석은 저출산 고령화라는 비슷한 문제에 직면한 국가들이각국의 제도적 특성에 따라 다양한 접근법을 취하는 것을 보여준다.

Abstract

South Korea and Taiwan pursued similar family policies during the rapid industrialization era under authoritarian regimes, but have diverged when they encountered low fertility rates after democratization. While the Korean government actively established policies to encourage childbirth and invested a big-budget to implement related measures, the Taiwanese government took a relatively passive stance and method. This article examines this puzzle drawing on the comparative political economy approach focusing on gender. In Korea, a male-centered labor market was formed because firm-specific skills were required in the conglomeratedominant industrial structure. By contrast, Taiwan’s economy consists of middleand small-sized enterprises that favors general skill formation and female labor participation. This institutional diversity has generated different social expectations and norms for gender roles Korea and Taiwan, and have led to different government attitudes and policy pursuits in response to the low birth rates. The countermeasures of both Korean and Taiwanese governments are almost ineffective, and, as a result, did not draw a salient difference. However, the analysis in this article demonstrates that countries facing a similar problem of low fertility and aging may take different approaches depending on the institutional attributes of each country.

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관련 논문AI추천

동아시아 신흥 선진국의 여성고용: 한국과 대만 비교권현지, 김영미, 정이환한국여성학회 · 한국여성학2012 · 제28권 제1호한국의 저출산 현상과 성평등: 인구정책과 여성정책의 연계를 중심으로김인춘, 최정원사회과학연구소 · 사회과학연구2008 · 제16권 제1호대만의 일·가정양립정책과 기업 및 가정의 대응- 모성보호 및 영유아보육을 중심으로이경아중국학연구회 · 중국학연구2017 · 제79호'저출산'과 한국 모성의 젠더정치황정미한국여성학회 · 한국여성학2005 · 제21권 제3호중국과 한국의 저출산이 정부 경제정책에 미치는 영향에 대한 비교 연구Ma Shutian인문사회과학연구소 · 인문사회과학연구2025 · 제33권 제1호한국의 재생산 위기와 케어레짐의 재구조화김규찬한국사회연구소 · 한국사회2020 · 제21권 제1호

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