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게임 관련 불법 소비행동의 억제요인 분석: 불법이용자와 합법이용자 집단 간 비교를 중심으로

Deterrence Factors of Game Piracy: Focusing on a Comparison Between Illegal and Legal Users

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초록

오늘날 불법적인 게임 콘텐츠 복제로 인한 피해는 개인과 기업의 재산권 침해 수준을 넘어, 게임 산업 전체에 영향을 주는 수준에 이르렀다. 특히, 온라인상에서의 불법복제물 유통이 급증함에 따라, 게임 콘텐츠 저작권 침해 억제방안을 마련하는 것이 게임 산업의 중요한 이슈 중 하나로자리 잡았다. 이에 본 연구에서는 게임 콘텐츠 저작권 침해 행동의 억제요인을 중심으로 게임이용자의 불법 소비행동 메커니즘을 밝히는 것을 주요 목적으로 하였다. 구체적으로, (1) 억제이론(Deterrence Theory)을 바탕으로 게임이용자가 인식하는 처벌의 두려움, 즉 게임 불법소비에 대한 처벌의 엄격성과 처벌의 확실성을 주요 억제요인으로 도출하고, (2) 합리적 행동이론(Theory of Reasoned Action)을 기반으로 앞서 도출된 억제요인(처벌엄격성 및 처벌확실성)이 게임 불법소비에 대한 주관적 규범과 태도, 나아가 불법소비의도에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 특히, 본 연구에서는 (3) 불법이용자와 합법이용자 집단 간 비교분석을 통해 게임 불법소비 억제 메커니즘에 집단별 차이가 있는지를 검증하고자 하였다. 국내 게임이용자를 대상으로 수집한 828개의 설문 표본을 활용한 구조방정식모형 분석 결과, 처벌엄격성에 비해 처벌확실성이 게임 불법소비에 관한 주관적 규범과 태도에 더욱 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 게임 불법소비를 억제하는 데에 있어 처벌엄격성은 불법이용자에게 더 큰 영향을 미치는 반면, 처벌확실성은 합법이용자에게 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 흥미롭게도, 주관적 규범과 불법소비태도가 불법소비의도에 미치는 영향의 경우, 불법소비자는 주관적 규범이, 합법소비자는 불법소비태도가 더욱 큰 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 게임 불법복제물 이용 근절을 위한 효과적인 교육 및 정책 방향을 제시하고, 합법이용자와 불법이용자를 대상으로 차별화된 커뮤니케이션 전략을 개발하는 데에도 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Abstract

Today, the damage caused by illegal game content consumption (i.e., game piracy) has reached the level that affects the entire game industry beyond the level of infringement of property rights for both individuals and companies. In particular, with the rapid increase in the distribution of illegal online contents in the game industry, it has become one of the important issues to develop measures to suppress the copyright infringement of game contents. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism of illegal consumption behavior of game users, focusing on the deterrence factors of game piracy. More specifically, (1) based on deterrence theory (DT), punishment severity and punishment certainty for illegal game consumption, the fear of punishment perceived by game users, are identified as major deterrence factors; (2) drawing upon theory of reasoned action (TRA), the influences of these two deterrence factors on subjective norms, attitudes, and intentions towards illegal game consumption are investigated; and finally, (3) whether there is a difference between user groups (illegal vs. legal game users) in the suppressing mechanism of illegal game consumption is validated through a comparison analysis. As a result of the structural equation model (SEM) analysis using 828 samples collected from domestic game users, it was confirmed that punishment certainty has a greater influence on subjective norms and attitudes towards illegal game consumption than punishment severity. Moreover, it was found that punishment severity plays a more critical role in suppressing illegal game consumption for illegal users, while punishment certainty is a more important deterrence factor for legal users. Interestingly, concerning the effect of subjective norms and attitudes on intentions, it was found that, for illegal users, subjective norms have a greater impact on intentions, while attitudes are more impactful for legal users. The findings of the study would provide effective guidelines for education and policy-making to reduce illegal game consumption, and further contribute to the development of differentiated communication strategies for legal and illegal users, respectively.

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