의존성과 독립성의 조화: 변혁적 리더십의 양면성과 신뢰 및 지각된 통제의 매개역할
Harmonizing dependency and independence: The ambidextrous effects of transformational leadership and mediating role of trust and perceived control
0
조회
0
다운로드
20
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
변혁적 리더십이 구성원의 긍정적 조직성과를 만들어내는 과정은 다소 신비로운 것으로 남아 있다. 본 연구는 변혁적 리더십이 리더에 대한 구성원의 의존성을 증대시키는 측면과 구성원 자신의 독립성을 증대시키는 양 측면을 통해 작동한다고 보고, 1,136명의 조직 구성원을 대상으로 변혁적 리더십이 신뢰와 지각된 통제를 매개변인으로 조직몰입에 영향을 미치는 과정을 분석하였다. 이를 위해, 구조방정식을 사용하여 변혁적 리더십, 신뢰, 지각된 통제, 조직몰입 등의 변인들 간의 관계모형을 설정하고 그 적합도를 확인하였다. 분석 결과, 본 연구의 예측대로, 변혁적 리더십은 신뢰와 지각된 통제라는 이중적인 심리적 과정을 매개로 조직몰입에 영향을 미쳤다. 양 매개변인은 모두 변혁적 리더십이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향을 부분 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 위의 결과를 중심으로 본 연구가 변혁적 리더십 연구에 대해서 갖는 함의와 한계점, 그리고 후속연구에 대한 시사점을 논의하였다.
Abstract
Transformational leadership produces ambidextrous effects: followers' dependence on leaders and independent competence. These two effects represent affective and cognitive aspects of psychological process in the functioning of transformational leadership. This study examined the mediating role of trust and perceived control as the link between transformational leadership and organizational commitment. With analysis of data from 1,136 employees using structural equation modeling(SEM), we tested the hypothetical model explaining the structural relationships among the variables and interpreted the fitness and robustness of the suggested model. The results showed that (1) trust partially mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment, and (2) the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment was also partially mediated by perceived control. The results suggest that transformational leaders need to harmonize both dependency and independence of followers. The implications and the directions for future studies were also discussed.
참고문헌 (86)
- 고성돈, "변혁적 리더십이 구성원의 임파워먼트와 조직 유효성에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증적 연구", 경영학연구, 23, pp.415~439 (2001)
- 김명언, "한국 기업조직에서 부하가 갖는 상사에 대한 신뢰와 불신의 기반", 한국 심리학회 추계 학술대회 발표 논문 (2000)
- 김민선, "평가염려 완벽주의와 사회불안의 관계: 부정적 평가에 대한 두려움과 자기제시동기의 매개효과 검증", 한국심리학회지:일반, 28(3), pp.525~545 (2009), 한국심리학회
- 박영석, "거래적 리더십과 변혁적 리더쉽이 부하의 작업동기에 미치는 효과", 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 12, pp.1~21 (1999)
- 유승동, "변혁적 리더십과 임파워먼트의 관계: 신뢰의 매개역할", 인사관리연구, 24, pp.193~218 (2001)
- 유영식, "변혁적 리더십과 역할행동, 조직시민행동 및 혁신행동 간의 관계에 대한 심리적 임파워먼트의 매개 효과", 인적자원관리연구, 16(2), pp.107~127 (2009), 한국인적자원관리학회
- 김정남, "지각된 통제감과 정서적 안녕감의 관계에서 수용성의 조절효과: 비타민 모델 검증", 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 18(3), pp.525~545 (2005), 한국산업및조직심리학회
- 이승윤, "조직내 활력관계(Energizing Relationships) 의결정요인에 관한 탐색적 연구", 인사조직연구, 16(2), pp.95~128 (2008), 한국인사조직학회
- 이재훈, "조직공정성, 신뢰, 조직유효성간의 관련성에 관한 연구", 인사조직연구, 12(1), pp.92~132 (2004), 한국인사조직학회
- 임준철, "부하에 의해 인지된 상사의 변혁적 및 거래적 리더십이 부하의 혁신 성향에 미치는 영향.자기 권능감(Self-Efficacy)의 매개역할을 중심으로", 인사․조직연구, 7, pp.1~42 (1999)
- 임효창, "변혁적 리더십과 성역할 정체감이 구성원의 리더에 대한 신뢰와 태도에 미치는 영향", 인적자원관리연구, 15(3), pp.151~174 (2008), 한국인적자원관리학회
- 조임현, "집단 수준에서 변혁적 리더십 및 집단 효능성과 집단성과의 관계에 관한 연구", 한국경영과학회지, 25, pp.105~124 (2000)
- 탁진국, "거래적 및 변혁적 리더십의 효과: 일선 소대장을 중심으로", 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 16(2), pp.47~60 (2003), 한국산업및조직심리학회
- Aryee, S, "Trust as a mediator of the relationship between organizational justice and work outcomes:test of a social exchange model", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, pp.267~285 (2002)
- Avolio, B. J, "Transformational leadership in a management game simulation", Group and Organizations Studies, 13, pp.59~80 (1988)
- Bass,B.M, "Leadership and performance beyond expectations" (1985), Free Press
- Bass,B.M, "Transformational leadership redux", Leadership Quarterly, 6, pp.463~478 (1995)
- Bass, B. M, "Transformational leadership: A response to critiques, In Leadership theory and research: Perspectives and directions", pp.49~80 (1993), Academy Press
- Bass, B. M, "Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership" (1994), Sage
- Bass, B. M, "Predicting unit performance by assessing transformational and transactional leadership", Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, pp.207~218 (2003)
- Bennis, W, "Leaders: The strategies for taking charge" (1985), Harper & Row
- Boss,R.W, "Trust and managerial problem solving revisited", Group and Organizational Studies, pp.331~342 (1978)
- Breaugh, J. A, "Further examination of the work autonomy scales:Three studies", Human Relations, 40, pp.381~400 (1987)
- Burns,J.M, "Leadership" (1978), Harper & Row
- Bycio. P, "Further assessment of Bass's(1985)conceptualization of transactional and transformational leadership", Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, pp.468~478 (1995)
- Conger,J.A, "Charismatic and transformational leadership in organizations:An insider's perspective on these developing streams of research", Leadership Quarterly, 10, pp.145~179 (1999)
- Conger, J. A, "The Empowerment process:Integrating theory and practice.Academy of Management", Academy of Management Review, 13, pp.471~482 (1988)
- Conger, J. A, "Charismatic leadership in organizations" (1998), Sage
- Cook, J, "New work attitude measures of trust,organizational commitment and personal need fulfillment", Journal of Occupational Psychology, 53, pp.39~52 (1980)
- Cummings, L. L, "The Organizational trust inventory(OTI): Development and validation, In Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research", pp.302~329 (1996), Sage Publications
- Deci, E. L, "Characteristics of the rewarder and intrinsic motivation of the rewardee", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, pp.1~10 (1981)
- Dvir, T, "Impact of transformational leadership on follower development and performance:A field experiment", Academy of Management Journal, 45, pp.735~744 (2002)
- Edmonson,A, "Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams", Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, pp.350~383 (1999)
- Eisenberger, R, "Does pay for performance increase or decrease perceived self-determination and intrinsic motivation?", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, pp.1026~1040 (1999)
- Foster-Fishman, P. G, "The person", environment dynamics of employee empowerment:An organizational culture analysis, 1997, pp.25, 345~369
- Fu, P, "Pursuit of whose happiness? Executive leaders' transformational behaviors and personal values", Administrative Science Quarterly, 55, pp.222~254 (2010)
- Gambetta,D, "Can we trust, In Trust: Making and breaking cooperative relations", pp.213~237 (1988), Basil Blackwell
- ardner, W. L, "The charismatic relationship:A dramaturgic perspective", Academy of Management Review, 23, pp.32~58 (1998)
- Personal control at work: Its conceptualization and measurement, "Greenberger,D.B", University of Wisconsin-Madison ONR, ~, pp.Tech. Rep. 1-1- 4-1982 (1982)
- Greenberger, D. B, "The development and application of a model of personal control in organizations", Academy of Management Review, 11, pp.164~177 (1986)
- Greenberger, D. B, "The impact of personal control on performance and satisfaction", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 43, pp.29~51 (1989)
- Hackman, R, "Development of the job diagnostic survey", Journal of Applied Psychology, 2, pp.159~170 (1975)
- Hackman, R, "Motivation through the design of work:Test of a theory", Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16, pp.250~279 (1976)
- House, R. J, "Charismatic and noncharismatic leaders: Differences in behavior and effectiveness, In Charismatic leadership: The elusive factor in organizational effectiveness", pp.98~121 (1988), Jossey-Bass
- Howell,J.M, "Two faces of charisma: Socialized and personalized leadership in organizations, In Charismatic leadershi", pp.213~236 (1988), Jossey-Bass
- Howell, J. M, "Transformational leadership,transactional leadership,locus of control and support for innovation:Key predictors of consolidated-business unit performance", Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, pp.891~902 (1993)
- Hunt, S. D, "Organizational commitment and marketing", Journal of Marketing, 49, pp.112~126 (1985)
- Ilgen, D, "The structure of work: Job design and roles, In Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (2nd ed.)", pp.165~207 (1991), Consulting Psychologists Press
- Kark, R, "The two faces of transformational leadership:Empowerment and dependency", Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, pp.246~255 (2003)
- Katzenbach, J. R, "Firing up the front line.Harvard Business", Harvard Business Review, 77, pp.107~117 (1999)
- Kelman,H.C, "Compliance,identification,and internalization:Three processes of attitude change?", Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2, pp.51~60 (1958)
- Kets de Vries,M.F, "Origins of charisma: Ties that bind the leader and the led, In Charismatic leadership", pp.237~252 (1988), Jossey-Bass
- Konovsky, M. A, "Citizenship behavior and social exchange", Academy of Management Journal, 37, pp.656~669 (1994)
- orsggard, M. A, "Builing commitment,attachment,and trust in strategic decision-making teams:The role of procedural justice", Academy of Management Journal, 38, pp.60~84 (1995)
- Kramer,R.M, "Trust and distrust in organizations:Emerging perspectives,enduring questions", Annual Review of Psychology, 50, pp.569~598 (1999)
- Lazarus, R. S, "Stress,appraisal,and coping" (1984), Springer
- Lewicki, R. J, "Developing and maintaining trust in work relationships, In Trust in Organizations", pp.114~139 (1996), Sage
- Lewicki, R. J, "Trust and distrust:New relationships and reality", Academy of Management Review, 23, pp.438~458 (1998)
- Lewis, J, "Trust as a social reality", Social Forces, 63, pp.967~985 (1985)
- Lievens, F, "Identification of transformational leadership qualities:An examination of potential biases", European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 6, pp.415~430 (1997)
- Mathieu, J. E, "A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents,correlates,and consequences of organizational commitment", Psychological Bulletin, 108, pp.171~194 (1990)
- Mayer, R. C, "An integrative model of organizational trust", Academy of Management Review, 20, pp.709~734 (1995)
- McAllister,D.J, "Affect-and cognition-based trust as foundation for interpersonal cooperation in organizations", Academy of Management Journal, 38, pp.24~59 (1995)
- McLean Parks.J, "The role of incomplete contracts and their governance in delinquency, in-role, extra-role behaviors", Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (1992)
- Mishra, A. K, "Organizational responses to crisis: The centrality of trust, In Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research", pp.261~278 (1996), Sage
- Mishra, A. K, "Explaining how survivors respond to downsizing:The role of trust empowerment,justice and work redesign", Academy of Management Review, 23, pp.567~588 (1998)
- Morgan, R. M, "The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing", Journal of Marketing, 58, pp.20~38 (1994)
- Moorman,R.H, "Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior:Do fairness perceptions influence employee citizenship?", Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, pp.845~855 (1991)
- Niehoff, B. P, "Justice as a mediator of the relationship between methods of monitoring and organizational citizenship behavior", Academy of Management Journal, 36, pp.527~556 (1993)
- O'Reilly, C, "Organizational commitment and psychological attachment:The effects of compliance,identification on prosocial behavior", Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, pp.492~499 (1986)
- Pearce, J. L, "Person-based reward systems:A theory of organizational reward practices in reform-communist organizations", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, pp.261~282 (1994)
- Pillai, R, "Fairness perceptions and trust as mediators for transformational and transactional leadership:A two-sample study", Journal of Management, 25, pp.897~933 (1999)
- Podsakoff, P. M, "Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on follower's trust in leader,satisfaction,and organizational citizenship behaviors", Leadership Quarterly, 1, pp.107~142 (1990)
- Podsakoff, P. M, "Situational moderators of leader reward and punishment behavior:Fact of fiction.Organizational Behavior and Human", Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 34, pp.21~63 (1984)
- Ramaswami, S. N, "Work alienation of marketing employees:Influence of task,supervisory,and organizational structure factors", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 21, pp.179~193 (1993)
- Rhoades, L, "Perceived organizational support:A review of the literature", Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, pp.698~714 (2002)
- Rousseau, D. M, "Not so different after all:A cross-discipline view of trust", Academy of Management Review, 23, pp.393~404 (1998)
- Russel, D. W, "Analyzing data from experimental studies:A latent variable structural equation modeling approach", Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45, pp.18~29 (1998)
- Seltzer, J, "Transformational leadership:Beyond initiation and consideration", Journal of Management, 16, pp.693~703 (1990)
- Shamir, B, "The motivational effects of charismatic leadership:A self-concept based theory", Organization Science, 4, pp.577~594 (1993)
- Van Dyne, L, "Organizational citizenship behavior:Construct redefinition,measurement,and validation", Academy of Management Journal, 37, pp.765~802 (1994)
- Weiss, H. M, "Affective events theory: A theoretical discussion of the structure, causes, and consequences of affective experiences at work, In Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 18", pp.1~74 (1996), JAI Press
- Whitener, E. M, "Managers as initiators of trust:An exchange relationship framework or understanding managerial trustworthy behavior", Academy of Management Review, 23, pp.523~530 (1998)
- Yukl,G.A, "An evaluation of conceptual weakness in transformational and charismatic leadership theories", Leadership Quarterly, 10, pp.285~305 (1999)
- Zhou,J, "Feedback valence,feedback style,task autonomy,and achievement orientation:Interactive effects on creative performance", Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, pp.261~276 (1998)
- Zuckerman, M, "On the importance of self-determination for intrinsically motivated behavior", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 4, pp.443~446 (1978)
