百濟 熊津城 城郭 築造過程에 대한 硏究

Abstract

While there is no disagreement that Gongsanseong castle was named Woongjinseong castle in the Baekje period, there are differing views on the status and construction of the castle. The reason is, although Gongsanseong castle was from the Baekje period, Gongju was still considered an important center of local administration even after the fall of Baekje, which kept Gongsanseong castle functioning. The first identified record regarding the walls of Woongjinseong castle is about its repair in the fourth year of King Seong (526 A.D.), the 26th king of Baekje. According to this record, Gongsanseong castle was built before the fourth year of King Seong, and the repair was made in 526 A.D. However, there is no exact record of when Gongsanseong castle was built. Within records concerning construction or repair after the transfer of the capital to Woongjin, mentions of the royal chamber are identified during the early stage of the transfer, while the name of Woongjinseong castle is not found until the record concerning the repair of Woongjinseong castle in the fourth year of King Seong (526 A.D.). After the year of this record, however, the names of Woongjinseong castle or Woongcheonseong castle are found in the literature. On the other hand, recent excavations of the Gongsanseong castle walls were carried out partially in the Seongan village area, the East Toseongji area, and the West Gongsanjeong area. According to the results of this survey, the Baekje period walls of the Gongsanseong castle were mostly single-sided stone walls in the highlands of the ridge, while the Baekje period cultural layer was found to be built twice with double-sided stone walls in the Seongan village area of the lowlands. Also, Baekje period pottery and tiles were recovered from the basement and plate shafts of the one-sided wall built on the ridge. A comprehensive review of such data reveals that the walls of Woongjinseong castle were built first in the lowlands, in the areas of the Seongan village and the Yeongunsa temple, immediately after the transfer of the capital, and it is believed that the Baekje royal family paid more attention to the repair of the royal chamber than the walls. Along with the repair of the royal chamber, it seems that the double and triple layers of the defense castle for the surrounding traffic routes were constructed before the walls of Woongjinseong castle were built later in the fourth year of the King Seong, when the country’s system was established to some extent.