百濟 熊津城의 構造와 築造時期

Abstract

Gongsan Castle in Gongju, despite the lack of relevant records, has been recognized as one of the royal castles of Baekje Dynasty since early period and has acquired concrete data and information for understanding of the existence of the royal palace site and its related facilities through continuous efforts in excavation surveys. Against this backdrop, this paper has analyzed the excavations of Gongsan Castle to identify the structural characteristics of castles walls of Baekje within Gongsan Castle and examined the building environment of Gongsan Castle, one of the major royal castles during the Baekje Dynasty period, to understand the structure of Woongjin Castle and to estimate the period of its construction while Woongjin served as the capital of Baekje Dynasty. The initial construction of Gongsan Castle was performed immediately after the relocation of the capital to Woongjin, and it is at least in the 8th year of King Dongsung’s reign (486) that the primary castle line, including the present outer section of the castle was completed. It is believed that the castle wall built at that time had stone-built castle wall covering the majority of the castle while earth-built castle wall was limited to the gentle slope section of the southern wall as part of the outer castle. It is understood that the reason for massive maintenance of palace rooms in the 3rd year of Kong Munju’s reign and the 8th year of King Dongsung’s reign is because there were a lot of extension and renovation works of royal chambers as part of establishing the basis of and stabilization of royal family. In addition, the Wagwan tomb located on the outskirts of the outer northeast wall indicates reduction in castle line with the elimination of the outer wall of the northeastern wall in the 4th year of the King Sung’s reign (526). That is, Gongsan Castle as part of the Woongjin Castle during the Baekje dynasty period was equipped with the stone-built castle wall at the time of the relocation of capital to Woongjin and had the castle line similar to that of the present castle. Most castle walls were built in the form of Pyeonchuk(편축) with Naetak(내탁) but the walls alongside the north section of Yeongeunsa(영은사) Temple and the lowland of Gongbungnu(공북루) were built in the form of Hyupchuk(협축), promoting the architectural stability of castle walls. On top of it, in the initial period of building Woongjin Castle, it is believed that there was a castle line that encompasses the entire range of the castle all the way to the outer castle in the east but the castle line following the elimination of the function of outer castle around the 4th year of the King Sung’s reign remained at 1,925m, including the inner castle, which lasted all the way to the Joseon Dynasty period. The inner castle section in Baekje Dynasty period can be considered a connection from Dongmunji(동문지) to the south wall of the inner castle through Manaruji(만아루지).