백제 熊津 都城의 왕궁 위치와 조영과정
Location of the Royal Palace inside the Ungjin Capital of Baekje, and Its nature
0
조회
0
다운로드
6
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The issue of debate for the location of the palace inside the Ungjin(熊津) capital of Baekje is yet to be resolved: one side argues that it was inside the Gongsan-seong(公山城) fortress, while the other argues that it was on the streets of Gongju city. The former argument considers the nature of the Ungjin capital as one similar to that of the early years’ Hanseong(漢城) capital, while the latter considers it more similar to the future Sabi(泗沘) capital. In reality, the Ungjin capital seems to have had qualities that must have come from both of those capitals altogether. An examination of the Ungjin capital’s in-between qualities -through written records and archaeological findings- we can conclude that inside the Gongsan-seong fortress there would have been a palace built for emergency situations, and on the streets of Gongju there would have been a palace for ordinary times constructed. In the 3rd year of King Munju-wang’s reign, which was right after the capital transfer to Ungjin, there was a huge renovation made to the emergency palace at Gongsan-seong, for several military reasons. The vestige in the front square of the Ssangsu-jeong structure -which is on a high ground- must have been where the (emergency) palace was, while the Seong’an village vestige -which is fairly low- would have been where supplementary facilities to the palace or the Jeongcheong office or even other official bodies must have been stationed. We can see that right after the capital transfer to Ungjin the capital city itself was created at Gongsan-seong, which featured aspects similar to those of the early years’ [Hanseong era’s] Mongchon toseong. Later, when situations inside and also outside the country were stabilized, between the 8th and 11th years of King Dongseong-wang’s reign, the Primary palace (for ordinary times) and a Namdang(南堂) chamber in Gongju were renovated. This resulted in large-scale streets and sections being established inside Gongju, with the Royal palace standing on the same level and other structures positioned around it, in a formation which we could also spot in future capital Sabi. Dongseong-wang even attempted to construct a structure called Imryu-gak(臨流閣) in his last years in order to establish a whole new ritual space with the Palace at its center, but was unfortunately stopped by his own vassals. In essence, the Ungjin capital city must have looked -in its early days- more like the early Hanseong city, but would have come to feature elements of the future Sabi city since the days of King Dongseong-wang. But during Dongseong-wang’s days an artificial -and new- Defense Wall[羅城] was never created, and only the natural mountain ridges surrounding the Gongju city were used as an alternative instead. In that regard, as failing to finalize the appearance of a Grand Capital City, the Ungjin Capital city was definitely sort of an Interim-phase one which connected the early Hanseong capital to the subsequent period’s Sabi. The shortcomings of Ungjin capital ultimately prompted the authorities to move the capital once again, and the transfer to Sabi was a process of remedying the problems involved with Ungjin.
Abstract
The issue of debate for the location of the palace inside the Ungjin(熊津) capital of Baekje is yet to be resolved: one side argues that it was inside the Gongsan-seong(公山城) fortress, while the other argues that it was on the streets of Gongju city. The former argument considers the nature of the Ungjin capital as one similar to that of the early years’ Hanseong(漢城) capital, while the latter considers it more similar to the future Sabi(泗沘) capital. In reality, the Ungjin capital seems to have had qualities that must have come from both of those capitals altogether. An examination of the Ungjin capital’s in-between qualities -through written records and archaeological findings- we can conclude that inside the Gongsan-seong fortress there would have been a palace built for emergency situations, and on the streets of Gongju there would have been a palace for ordinary times constructed. In the 3rd year of King Munju-wang’s reign, which was right after the capital transfer to Ungjin, there was a huge renovation made to the emergency palace at Gongsan-seong, for several military reasons. The vestige in the front square of the Ssangsu-jeong structure -which is on a high ground- must have been where the (emergency) palace was, while the Seong’an village vestige -which is fairly low- would have been where supplementary facilities to the palace or the Jeongcheong office or even other official bodies must have been stationed. We can see that right after the capital transfer to Ungjin the capital city itself was created at Gongsan-seong, which featured aspects similar to those of the early years’ [Hanseong era’s] Mongchon toseong. Later, when situations inside and also outside the country were stabilized, between the 8th and 11th years of King Dongseong-wang’s reign, the Primary palace (for ordinary times) and a Namdang(南堂) chamber in Gongju were renovated. This resulted in large-scale streets and sections being established inside Gongju, with the Royal palace standing on the same level and other structures positioned around it, in a formation which we could also spot in future capital Sabi. Dongseong-wang even attempted to construct a structure called Imryu-gak(臨流閣) in his last years in order to establish a whole new ritual space with the Palace at its center, but was unfortunately stopped by his own vassals. In essence, the Ungjin capital city must have looked -in its early days- more like the early Hanseong city, but would have come to feature elements of the future Sabi city since the days of King Dongseong-wang. But during Dongseong-wang’s days an artificial -and new- Defense Wall[羅城] was never created, and only the natural mountain ridges surrounding the Gongju city were used as an alternative instead. In that regard, as failing to finalize the appearance of a Grand Capital City, the Ungjin Capital city was definitely sort of an Interim-phase one which connected the early Hanseong capital to the subsequent period’s Sabi. The shortcomings of Ungjin capital ultimately prompted the authorities to move the capital once again, and the transfer to Sabi was a process of remedying the problems involved with Ungjin.
참고문헌 (79)
- 사적 12호 공산성 성안마을 내 유적 제4차 발굴조사약보고서, "공주대학교 박물관", ~ (2011)
- 공주대학교 박물관, "사적 12호 공산성 성안마을 내 유적 제5차 발굴조사약보고서" (2012)
- 사적 12호 공산성 성안마을 내 유적 제6차 발굴조사약보고서, "공주대학교 박물관", ~ (2013)
- 사적 12호 공산성 성안마을 제6차 문화유적 발굴조사-공북루 서쪽 성벽구간, "공주대학교 박물관", ~ (2014)
- 사적 12호 공산성 성안마을 내 유적 제7차 발굴조사약보고서, "공주대학교 박물관", ~ (2014)
- 사적 12호 공산성 성안마을 내 유적 제8차 발굴조사약보고서, "공주대학교 박물관", ~ (2015)
- 2013-2014년도 공주시가지 내 각지 유적발굴조사 보고서, "공주대학교 박물관", ~ (2015)
- 사적 12호 공산성 성안마을 내 유적 제9차 발굴조사자문회의 자료집, "공주대학교 박물관", ~ (2016)
- 사적 12호 공산성 성안마을 내 유적 제9-2차 발굴조사약보고서, "공주대학교 박물관", ~ (2017)
- 공주대학교박물관, "웅진성 공산성" (2013), 서경문화사
- 백제 웅진도성 고증을 위한 공주 고도지구 내문화유적 전수조사, "공주대학교박물관", ~ (2013)
- 국립공주박물관, "정지산" (1999)
- 公州 玉龍洞 414番地 遺蹟 : 農業施設物 設置敷地 內 文化遺蹟 發掘調査, "朴大淳", (재)忠淸文化財硏究院, ~ (2010)
- 公山城 百濟推定王宮址 發掘調査報告書, "안승주", 공주사범대학 박물관ㆍ충청남도, ~ (1987)
- 웅진도성 추정왕궁지 탐색조사 공주 옥룡동 418번지 유적, "윤정현", (재)忠淸文化財硏究院ㆍ공주시, ~ (2013)
- 공산성 - 성곽 발굴조사, "이남석", 공주시ㆍ公州大學校博物館, ~ (2016)
- 이남석, "공주 반죽동 건물지" (2015), 公州大學校博物館ㆍ공주시
- 李南奭, "공주 공산성 백제 건물지-(구)추정왕궁지" (2016), 公州大學校博物館ㆍ공주시
- 공주 중동 49-3번지 유적 in 2013-2014년도 공주시가지내 각지 유적발굴조사 보고서, "이현숙", 公州大學校 博物館, ~ (2015)
- 공주 산성동 주택부지 조사 in 各地試掘調査報告書, "이훈", 공주대 박물관, ~ (1998)
- 輕部慈恩, "百濟遺跡の硏究" (1971), 吉川弘文館
- 권오영, "부여 정림사지 정비복원 고증기본조사" (2009), 충남대학교 백제연구소
- 권오영, "백제 한성기의 도성과 지방도시", 고고학, 11(3), pp.85~110 (2012), 중부고고학회
- 김대영, "百濟 熊津城 城郭 築造過程에 대한 硏究", 선사와 고대, (52), pp.87~112 (2017), 한국고대학회
- 김수태, "熊津城의 變遷", 百濟文化, 30 (2001)
- 김병남, "웅진도읍기의 백제" (2007), 충청남도 역사문화연구원
- 김병남, "백제 문주왕대의 웅진 천도 배경", 역사학연구, (32), pp.37~60 (2008), 호남사학회
- 김영관, "백제의 웅진천도 배경과 한성경영", 충북사학, 11-12 (2000)
- 김영배, "공주 백제왕궁 및 임류각지 소고", 고고미술, 6(3-4) (1965)
- 金英心, "百濟 地方統治體制 연구 : 5-7세기를 중심으로", 박사, 국사학, pp.1997
- 김주성, "한국 고대사 연구의 현단계" (2009), 주류성
- 노중국, "백제 정치사 연구" (1988), 일조각
- 문동석, "백제 지배세력 연구" (2007), 혜안
- 박순발, "중산 정덕기박사화갑기념한국사학논총" (1996)
- 박순발, "백제의 도성" (2010), 충남대학교출판부
- 박순발, "백제의 왕권은 어떻게 강화되었나 -한성백제의 중앙과 지방" (2014), 한성백제박물관 백제학연구소
- 박순발, "백제 도성 묘역의 비교 고찰", 백제연구, (66), pp.21~43 (2017), 백제연구소
- 박현숙, "熊津 遷都와 熊津城", 百濟文化, 30 (2001)
- 서오선, "백제문화 국제학술 세미나 특집 : 웅진시대 백제문화의 재조명", 천도이전의 웅진지역문화, 1997, pp.(26), 19~24[DOI]
- 서정석, "백제의 성곽 - 웅진사비시대를 중심으로" (2002), 학연문화사
- 서정석, "백제 熊津王都와 大通寺址", 한국사연구, (155), pp.197~229 (2011), 한국사연구회
- 성주탁, "백제 웅진성과 사비성 연구(其一)", 백제연구, 11 (1980)
- 成周鐸, "百濟城址 硏究 : 都城址를 中心으로", 박사, 문학, pp.1985
- 성주탁, "백제 도성축조의 발전과정에 대한 고찰", 백제연구, 19 (1988)
- 성주탁, "백제의 중앙과 지방" (1997), 충남대 백제연구소
- 성주탁, "백제성지연구" (2002), 서경
- 심정보, "백제 도성의 변천과 연구상의 문제점" (2003), 국립부여문화재연구소
- 안승주, "公州 公山城에 對하여", 문화재, (17), pp.102~114 (1984), 국립문화재연구소
- 안승주, "百濟 都城(熊津城)에 對하여", 백제연구, 19 (1988)
- 양기석, "웅진도읍기의 백제" (2007), 충청남도역사문화연구원
- 여호규, "고대 도시와 왕권" (2005), 서경문화사
- 여호규, "백제 도성제와 주변국 도성제의 비교 연구", pp.2013, 백제역사유적지구 세계유산등재추진단
- 여호규, "고구려 도성의 의례공간과 왕권의 위상", 한국고대사연구, (71), pp.55~96 (2013), 한국고대사학회
- 여호규, "한성 백제의 왕궁은 어디에 있었나" (2014), 한성백제박물관
- 여호규, "6~8세기 신라 왕궁의 구조와 정무·의례 공간의 분화", 역사와 현실, (94), pp.33~74 (2014), 한국역사연구회
- 여호규, "삼국시대 국가의성장과 물질문화 1" (2015), 한국학중앙연구원 출판부
- 여호규, "삼국 후기 왕궁의 공간구조와 정치제도의 운영양상", 고대 동아시아의 문화교류와 백제(삼국문화교류 국제학술회의) (2016), 충청남도
- 유원재, "웅진백제사 연구" (1997), 주류성
- 윤여헌, "조선조 공주 ( 충청 ) 감영고 - 위치 기구를 중심으로 -", 백제문화, (20), pp.43~70 (1990), 백제문화연구소
- 윤용혁, "조선조 공주 고지도 5종의 비교 분석 - 공주지방 문화유적의 탐색과 관련하여 -", 백제문화, (19), pp.89~121 (1989), 백제문화연구소
- 윤용혁, "「 공주목지도 」 에 나타난 공주 문화유적", 백제문화, (24), pp.55~76 (1995), 백제문화연구소
- 이남석, "웅진시대의 백제고고학" (2002), 서경
- 이남석, "유적과 유물로 본 웅진시대의 백제" (2016), 서경문화사
- 이병도, "두계이병도전집 11" (2012), 한국학술정보
- 이성준, "풍납토성 축조연대의 고고과학적 연구 –2011년 동성벽 조사결과를 중심으로–", 한국고고학보, (88), pp.42~71 (2013), 한국고고학회
- 이영철, "백제 地方都市의 성립과 전개 - 영산강유역을 중심으로 -", 한국고대사연구, (81), pp.107~151 (2016), 한국고대사학회
- 이용빈, "웅진도읍기의 백제" (2007), 충청남도 역사문화연구원
- 이장웅, "백제 웅진기 ‘建邦之神’ 제사와 聖王代 유교식 天 관념", 한국고대사탐구, (26), pp.73~116 (2017), 한국고대사탐구학회
- 이현숙, "百濟 熊津城의 構造와 築造時期", 고문화, (89), pp.65~94 (2017), 한국대학박물관협회
- 이홍종, "漢城百濟期 據點都市의 構造와 機能 - 羅城里遺蹟을 中心으로 -", 백제연구, (60), pp.87~118 (2014), 백제연구소
- 장인성, "백제의 종교와 사회" (2001), 서경문화사
- 田中俊明, "百濟都城と公山城", 百濟文化, 31 (2002)
- 정구복, "역주 삼국사기 2–번역편" (1997), 한국정신문화연구원
- 정재윤, "동성왕의 즉위와 정국운영", 한국고대사연구, 20 (2000)
- 정재윤, "송산리고분군 기초자료집" (2012), 공주박물관
- 조원창, "백제사지 연구" (2013), 서경문화사
- 佐藤信, "日本古代の宮都と木簡" (1997), 吉川弘文館
- 채미하, "웅진시기 백제의 국가제사 -" 제천지(祭天地)"를 중심으로-", 백제문화, (38), pp.1~20 (2008), 백제문화연구소
- 최욱진, "백제의 웅진 천도 배경과 천도지 선정과정 검토", 백산학보, (94), pp.69~106 (2012), 백산학회