『同文彙考』를 통한 조선후기 외교사안 연구 ― 原編 ‘封典’ 事案을 중심으로 ―

Abstract

The relation of Joseon and Cnina was prescribed and formed the mutual relation in the tributary system(조공체제) by the international system of the formal investiture(책봉) and tributary(조공). The diplomacy activity was carried out in the international order of the tributary system than the format to the direction to pursue the nation profit. Joseon and China tied the diplomacy relation through the diplomacy system of the sahaeng(사행) and envoy reception(사신접대). Joseon arranged the experience systematicly if various diplomacy affair happened active confrontation for. The experience was grasped systematicly through the arranging of the diplomacy document. The arranging method of the diplomacy document was the recognition about China diplomacy relation of Joseon and was the confrontation strategy. The preservation was a form of registration, since it was impossible that all documents were preserved. A few forms were organized, such as [imun(吏文)] in the early of Joseon, [Seungmunwon deungnok(承文院謄錄=槐院謄錄)] in the 15-16th century, and [Tongmunhwigo(同文彙考)] in the late of Joseon. While these documents were the original copy, they have historical importance in terms of summarizing the foreign affairs. [Tongmunhwigo] was compiled on the basis to believed about the affair to happen at the future. If only political motives are taken into account, foreign relations boil down to doing what is most profitable for one’s own country. These items which was gathered at [Tongmunhwigo] was as follows. ‘Bongjun(封典)’, ‘Aelye(哀禮)’, ‘Jinha(進賀)’, ‘Jinwy(陳慰-進香)’, ‘Munan(問安)’, ‘Jŏlsa(節使-歲幣-方物)’, ‘Jinju(陳奏-辨誣-討逆)’, ‘Pyojeonsik(表箋式)’, ‘Chunggu(請求)’, ‘Sugjae(錫𧶘)’, ‘Gyeonpye(蠲弊)’, ‘Chikyou(飭諭)’, ‘Yeokseo(曆書)’, ‘Irwolsik(日月食)’, ‘Gyoyeok(交易)’, ‘Ganggye(疆界)’, ‘Beomwol(犯越)’, ‘Beomgeum(犯禁)’, ‘Swaewhan(刷還)’, ‘Pyomin(漂民)’, ‘Chujing(推徵)’, ‘Gunmu(軍務)’, ‘Buhyur(賻恤)’, ‘Waejeong(倭情)’, ‘Jabryeng(雜令)’ etc.. [Tongmunhwigo] makes the criteria so that the diplomacy document is regular and organizes the item. Rather detailly we can distinguish to a ‘necessary diplomacy class’ and ‘practical diplomacy class’. ‘Necessary diplomacy class’ is regular and is containing the personality to be inside political and has same kind with ‘Bongjun’, ‘Aelye’, ‘Jinha’ etc. ‘Practical diplomacy class’ is to arrange the diplomacy affair to happen to the irregularity in the nation relation and has same kind with ‘Jinju’, ‘Chunggu’, ‘Ganggye’ etc. Joseon was active and formed China relation to systematic analysis.