조선시대 대중국 외교문서와 외교정보의 수집·보존체계

Abstract

The international relationship in traditional East Asia was based on a Tribute system (朝貢體制). Relations with China were carried out in the form of sahaeng (使行) being sent to China and of receive China envoys (使臣接待) coming to Joseon. The development of an issue, settting diplomatic goals, granting a name of sahaeng, and deciding the right time and size comprised the procedures of sahaeng. The administration system of the diplomatic documents proceeded step by step in production, delivery, reception, and custody. They were classified the Joseon and the China document in first stage of reception. On the subject of production, the state document was classified as the institutional and personal things in the era of Ch’ing and Ming. The collection activity of the diplomatic information was related closely to the activity of the diplomacy which is the important with the transmit of the diplomacy document. A diplomacy document’s to reflect the diplomacy policy with the politics situation of China was confidence of a diplomatic information is high. Especially, as the governing system of China, was strictly based on documentation, the justification of sahaeng for delivering documents of the Joseon Dynasty King was emphasized, while individual diplo- matic activities of sahaeng’s members were restricted. Due to such restriction, Tongsa (通事), based on language ability, acted as practical diplomats. While the diplomatic role of Tongsa increased, messengers and other staffs had enough time to experience various cultures during the period of sahaeng, and kept these accounts for the sahaeng record (使行記錄). Although Sasinbyeoldan (使臣別單), which is recorded in the diplomatic documentation of Joseon’s Tongmunhwigo` 『( 同文彙考』). Sasinbyeoldan consisted of the byeoldan of sasin, the mungyeonsageon (聞 見事件) of seojangkwan, and the subon (手本) of yeogkwan (譯官), and was not restricted to any method of description. The official sahaeng record submitted to sengjeongwon (承政院) formed the bases for private sahaeng records that were arranaged by individual sahaeng’s members, and the sahaeng’s members, who did not have the responsibility to submit records to seungjeongwon, left sahaeng records in collections more freely. The service that receive, store and preserve the diplomatic documents hold a key post in Joseon, unlike other state documents. It was important that these documents had a democratic gravity to China. Also, They reflected the decision-making process of foreign policy to China. The document issuance procedures of china was the reception of Joseon. A prompt report was most important in the reception procedures. In order to this purpose, the role of Sunrhyetongsa (先來通事) was emphasized. The preservation was a form of registration, since it was impossible that all documents were preserved. A few forms were organized, such as imun` 『( 吏文』) in the early of Joseon, Seungmunwon deungnok 『`( 承文院謄錄』) in the 15~16th century, and Tongmunhwigo` 『( 同 文彙考』)』in the late of Joseon. While these documents were the original copy, they have historical importance in terms of summarizing the foreign affairs. The storage of diplomatic documents made full use of the foreign affairs, a diplomatic information and policy. Joseon collected a diplomatic information and compiled a collection of diplomatic documents establish efficient diplomacy policy and to deal with the diplomacy affair.