朝鮮王朝實錄에 나타난 女眞語 滿洲퉁구스語

Abstract

This paper investigates Jurchen and Manchu words in The Veritable Records of Jeseon Dynasty. These widely known archives provide 472 years of Joseon history(1392-1803), and present vast amount of historical documents which show crucial evidences of Joseon contacting with Jurchen(later Manchu). In this literature there are abundant Chinesemarked linguistic materials such as Jurchen peoples' names, geographical places, titles of government positions, covering common nouns. The Veritable Records of Joseon Dynasty has its crucial meaning, noting that there exists relatively few materials of Jurchen, in the sense that Jurchen in-use at the period was transcribed by Joseon people. Moreover even though the Records can be seen in other diplomatic archives with Ming Dynasty, it is strongly proposed that first-hand transcribed data is invaluable. In the present study, searching common vocabularies, we compared the data with Jurchen in the Jurchen section of Hua-i i-yü and Manchu and interpreted them linguistically. We found over thirty Jurchen and Manchu-Tungus words, which were mostly numerals and common nouns. We can find frequent government position titles after Ching Dynasty. From our findings we could establish the following phonological phenomena; (a) intervocalic alternation of [g] and [x] (b) deletion of word final [n] (c) addition of [j] in the word final position These phenomena are also observed in other Jurchen and Manchu literature. These phenomena are highly significant in that the words cited in the literature were exactly dated. Further research is needed as The Veritable Records contains are invaluable in various respects such as Jurchen language and their ethnic culture.