초등 도덕과에서 실천지 함양을 위한 가치판단 교육 방안
A Study onvalue judgement education for promoting practical wisdom in elementary moral education
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초록
연구는 초등 도덕과에서의 가치판단 교육 방안을 탐구하고자 한 것이다. 도덕적인 사람이 지니고 있기를 기대하는 것으로서의 합리적 사고와 바른 가치판단 능력은 도덕교육에서 전통적으로 추구해 오는 것이며, 우리나라의 초등 도덕과 교육에서도 계속해서 중요한 과제로 설정해 오고 있는 바이다. 문제는 도덕과교육에서 이러한 가치판단 능력을 육성하기 위해 구체적으로 무엇을 어떻게 해야 하는가 하는 점인데 이에 대한 비교적 진전된 대답이 그동안 그리 충분치가 않았다. 이 연구는 바로 이러한 문제의식에 기초하여 초등 도덕과에서 가치판단 교육을 실행함에 있어 교사가 사전에 알고 있어야 할 것과 지니고 있어야 할 능력들 및 학생들이 배우고 익혀야 할 것들 그리고 이와 관련된 여러 가지 실행 방안들을 생각해 보는 데 주안점이 있었다. 이에 따라 구체적으로 이 연구에서는 인격·덕교육에서의 실천지 함양과 가치판단 교육과의 관계, 가치판단 교육의 본질과 특성, 가치 사례 내지 도덕적 문제 사태의 조건, 유형, 활용 등의 문제, 정의·사실·가치에 대한 바른 접근, 대안 설정과 결과의 고려, 도덕적 추론과 가치원리 검사, 그리고 발문과 탐구 활동의 문제 등에 대해 숙고해 보았다.
Abstract
As we know very well, the capacity of value judgement has been the important element for being a morally educated person. So, in the long tradition of moral education, almost all approaches to moral education have tried to develop value judgement skills in the following generations. In addition, appearing the trend of emphasis on children`s virtues in today`s moral education, especially for cultivating the virtue of practical wisdom(phronesis), the development of moral thinking and value judgement capacity have been the major task of character education. But the urgent problem in front of us is that we still don`t have sufficient answers for such questions as what and how we should do to practice the moral education of value judgement. This was the main reason that I started this study and, so, I tried to inquire the desirable and possible ways of value judgement education. Now, if suggesting some proposals, first of all, we need to know not only the relationship between cultivating the virtue of practical wisdom and value judgement education but also the nature and characteristics of value judgement education. In addition, we must have the abilities to use value incidents or moral dilemmas and rightly approach to the definitional, factual and values problems. Moreover, if we want to develop good skills and attitudes of value judgement, it is really important to cultivate the capabilities that our children can do the things related to deliberating the various alternatives and their consequences, doing the appropriate moral reasoning, and testing the value principles. Finally, if teaching-learning of value judgement is carried out very well, it is also required for teachers to use appropriate questions and good inquiry activities.
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