서구 심리치료(Psychotherapy)의 동향과 도덕교육 -심리치료 동향의 도덕교육적 시사점으로 본 윤리상담학의 가능성 탐색
Trends of Western Psychotherapy and Moral Education - Exploring the possibility of ethical consultation as a moral educational implication of psychotherapy
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심리적 문제를 해결하기 위한 심리치료 차원에서의 접근은 정신건강의학, 심리학, 상담학, 심리치료학뿐만 아니라 교육적 차원에서 특히 인성교육의 중핵교과인 도덕교육 차원을 통해서도 이루어질 수 있다. 서구 심리치료의 동향을 통해 도덕교육에 대한 다음과 같은 시사점 도출이 가능하다. 첫째, 무의식적 기제에 대해 관심을 기울일 필요가 있다. 둘째, 자율성, 책임감을 육성하는 것이 중요하다. 셋째, 행동에 주목할 필요가 있다. 넷째, 교사의 역할이 중요하며, 교사는 학생들에 대한 존중과 책임, 진실한 태도를 지닐 것이 요구된다. 다섯째, 학생들이 자신의 행동이 자기 자신이나 타인에게 해를 끼치지 않는지 여부를 평가하도록 도와야 한다. 여섯째, 가족단위 도덕교육을 고민하여 다룰 필요가 있다. 일곱째, 학생들의 잘못된 인지를 확인하고 교정할 필요가 있다. 여덟째, 도덕교육에서 인지뿐만 아니라 정서 접근이 요구된다. 아홉째, 학생들 자신의 삶을 내러티브로 다루게 할 수 있다. 마지막으로, 정서에 대한 과학적 접근은 도덕적 정서 고양에 요긴할 수 있다. 이를 통해 윤리상담학의 가능성을 타진해 볼 수 있다.
Abstract
Psychotherapy approaches to solve students' psychological problems can be achieved through psychiatry, psychology, counseling, and psychotherapy. In addition, it can be done through moral education, which is a core subject of character education, especially in the educational dimension. The following suggestions can be drawn about moral education through the trend of Western psychotherapy. First, it is necessary to pay attention to students' unconscious mechanisms. Second, it is important to foster students' autonomy and responsibility. Third, there is a need to pay attention to the behavior of students. Fourth, the role of teachers are important, and they are required to have respect, responsibility and a true attitude to the students. Fifth, teachers help students to assess whether their actions do not harm themselves or others. Sixth, it is necessary to consider carefully and deal with moral education by family unite. Seventh, it is necessary to identify and correct students' false cognitions. Eighth, moral education requires an emotional approach as well as a cognitive approach. Ninth, students can have their own lives treated as narratives. Finally, the scientific approach to emotions can lead to a rise in students' moral emotions and positive aspects. Through this, the possibility of ethics consultation can be examined.
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