초등학생의 뇌 발달과 도덕판단의 뇌신경과학적 메커니즘:하이트(Jonathan Haidt) 도덕기반이론의 시사점 탐색
The Brain Development of Elementary School Students and Mechanism of Moral Judgement in Neuroscience: Exploring the Implications of Jonathan Haidt's Moral Foundations Theory
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초록
2000년대 이후 뇌신경과학의 발전은 감정이 인간 도덕성의 기원에 핵심적인 역할을 한다고 제안한다. 정서는 도덕적 동기에 중요한데 이것은 도덕적 결정을 내릴 때 복부선조(ventral striatum, VS) 영역의 활동 관찰 연구에 의해 뒷받침되었다. 뇌의 상태와 작용은 판단과 결정에 영향을 주기에 뇌 발달은 도덕적 판단에 지대한 영향을 끼친다. 본 연구에서는 논리적 이성보다 정서적 직관에 기초하여 인간 도덕적 추론의 진화적 기원을 설명하려고 시도한 Haidt의 도덕기반이론과 연계하여 아동의 도덕판단을 뇌 발달 관점에서 살피고자 했다. 첫째, 도덕신경과학에서의 도덕성의 이론적 기초를 검토했다. 둘째, 도덕성 발달의 이론 전개를 개괄하고 Haidt의 도덕기반이론의 도덕 기준을 살펴보았다. 셋째, 아동의 도덕판단을 뇌 발달의 차원에서 탐구하고 Haidt의 도덕기반이론이 아동의 도덕발달에 주는 시사점을 도출했다.
Abstract
Advances in neuroscience since the 2000s suggest that emotions play a central role in the origin of human morality. Emotions are important for moral motivation, which was supported by a study of activity observation in the ventral striatum domain when making moral decisions. Brain development has a profound effect on moral judgment because the state and activities of the brain affect judgment and decision. In this study, in connection with Haidt's Moral Foundations Theory, which attempted to explain the evolutionary origin of human moral reasoning based on innate intuition rather than logical reason, I tried examined children's moral judgment from the perspective of brain development. First, the theoretical basis of morality in moral neuroscience was reviewed. Second, the development of the theory of moral development was outlined and the moral standards of Haidt's MFT were examined. Third, the moral judgment of children was explored in terms of brain development, and the implications of Haidt's MFT were derived for the moral development of children.
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