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친사회적- 도덕적 동기 및 도덕적 의사결정의 신경학적 기제에 대한 개관 연구

The review of neural basis for prosocial moral motivation and moral decision-making

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참고문헌

키워드

주제분류감성과학

초록

도덕적으로 옳다고 여겨지는 행동을 실천하기 위해서는 친사회적-도덕적 행위에 대한 동기 부여가 필요하다. 선행 연구들을 통해 도덕적 행위의 동기 부여에 감정이 중요한 역할을 한다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 이는 기능성 자기 공명 영상 장치(functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI)를 사용한 인지 신경 과학 분야의 연구들을 통해 실제 보상 및 동기에 관여하는 영역으로 알려진 복측 선조체(ventral striatum, VS)의 활성화를 발견함으로써 확인되었다. 원래 VS는 보상 반응의 핵심적 영역으로 물질적 보상에 민감하게 반응하는 것으로 알려졌으나 최근에는 사회적 보상이 주어졌을 때, 친사회적 감정을 강하게 경험할 때에도 활성화되는 것이 관찰되었다. 그러나 도덕적 의사결정이 필요한 사회적 상황에서 친사회적 도덕감을 경험할 때 보상에 민감한 영역인 VS가 활성화되는 이유에 대한 설명은 아직 명확하지 않다. 따라서 본 리뷰 연구에서는 도덕적 의사결정 상황에서 감정의 동기 부여 역할 및 관련 신경 기제에 대해 알아보고, VS를 중심으로 도덕적 의사결정에 관여하는 신경 네트워크 구조를 개관함으로써 친사회적, 도덕적으로 동기 부여가 되는 도덕적 의사결정 상황 및 그 이유에 대해 알아보고자 하였다.

Abstract

In order to do morally right behavior that we cognitively know, prosocial moral motivation is necessary. Previous studies revealed emotion is important for prosocial moral motivation. This was supported by cognitive neuroscience studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) in which the activity of ventral striatum(VS) was observed when people made moral decision. VS was originally known as the core area of reward process but recently VS was found to respond also to social reward and even feeling of prosocial emotion itself. However it is not clear why VS was activated when people experience prosocial moral sentiments. The aims of this review article were to find situations in which people are prosocially and morally motivated and to understand more about the role of emotion as a moral motivator by examining evidence regarding the neural network, including VS, of prosocial moral motivation and moral decision-making.

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