도덕 심리학 연구의 최근 동향과 도덕교육적 함의 - 헤이트(J. Haidt)의 뇌과학 연구를 중심으로 -
New Trends in Moral Psychology and their Implications for Moral Education - Focusing on J. Haidt's neuroscientific research -
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도덕적 직관이나 신념, 도덕적 정서, 도덕적 의사결정 등에 대한 뇌과학 연구는 적어도 1990년대 이전에는 가능하지 않았다. 도덕적 판단에 대한 첫 번째 뇌 영상 연구 결과가 2001년에 보고되었기 때문에 도덕성에 대한 뇌과학 연구는 아직 걸음마 단계의 유아라고 볼 수 있다. 하지만 이 유아는 급속히 성장하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같이 최근에 이루어진 도덕성에 대한 뇌과학 연구 성과에 기초하여, 특히 도덕적 판단에서 도덕적 직관과 정서의 중요성을 강조한 헤이트(J. Haidt)의 연구를 중심으로 도덕 심리학 연구의 최근 동향을 고찰하고, 도덕교육적 시사점을 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 우선 최근 도덕 심리학 영역에서 제기되고 있는 핵심 연구 쟁점들과 뇌과학 연구의 관계를 고찰하였다. 그런 다음, 헤이트의 사회적 직관주의 모형(social intuitionist model)이 도덕 심리학과 도덕교육에 미친 영향을 비판적으로 분석 및 평가해 보고, 이 모형의 도덕교육적 시사점을 밝히고자 하였다.
Abstract
Neuroscientific studies of moral beliefs, intuitions, emotions, and decisions were not possible until the 1990s. The first brain imaging studies of moral judgment were reported as recently as 2001. In this situatioin, this article investigated new trends in the field of moral psychology, focusing on J. Haidt's study, and then, tried to suggest its implications for moral education. For the purpose, firstly, this paper clarified the relations of neuroscience and the selected current core issues in the area of moral psychology. And then, this article analysed and evaluated critically how a social intuitionist model suggested by J. Haidt have had a big impact on the field of moral psychology and moral education.
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