초등학교에서의 피지컬 컴퓨팅 도구를 활용한 메이커 교육 수업 모형 개발 연구
A Developmental Study of an Instructional Model for Maker Education using Single-Board Computer(SBC) in Elementary School
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초록
본 연구는 초등학교에서의 피지컬 컴퓨팅 도구를 활용한 메이커 교육 수업 모형과 교수전략 개발하고 이에 대한 교수자, 학습자의 반응을 분석하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 초등학교에서 메이커교육이 점차 강조되고 있음에도 불구하고 효과적으로 실행되지 못하고 있는 문제점 중 하나는 교수자가 학습자 활동을 촉진 및 지원할 수 있는 상세하고 정교화된 수업 모형과 교수전략이 부족하다는 것이다. 이에 설계․개발 연구방법의 절차에 따라 선행문헌 검토를 통해 수업 모형과 교수전략 초안을 도출하였다. 이후, 수업 모형과 교수전략에 대한 전문가 타당화 및 사용성 평가를 거친 후 도출된 최종 수업모형의 단계는 다음과 같다. 1) 공감하기, 2) 메이킹 문제 정의하기, 3) 재료 및 도구 특성 파악하기, 4) 컴퓨팅 산출물 조립하기, 5) 리믹스를 활용한 알고리즘 설계 및 코딩하기, 6) 컴퓨팅 산출물 창의적 구성하기, 7) 알고리즘 및 컴퓨팅 산출물 수정 및 개선하기, 8) 공유하기, 9) 성찰하기, 10) 종합하기의 총 10개의 단계로 구성된 수업 모형을 개발하였다. 교수전략의 경우 메이커 교육 전반에 걸쳐서 유념해야 할 일반설계전략 6개와 23개의 상세지침이 개발되었다. 컴퓨팅 사고력과 메이커 정신에 대한 사전-사후 검사 결과 본 모형과 전략이 학습자의 컴퓨팅 사고력과 메이커 정신에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 종합적 접근을 통해 보다 최적화된 수업 운영이 이루어질 수 있는 수업모형을 개발하였다는 점, 초등학교 맥락을 고려하여 학교 교육 현장에서 유용하게 활용할 수 있는 교수전략을 탐색하였다는 점, 그리고 이에 대한 실제적 적용을 통해 경험적으로 접근했다는 점에서 의의를 지닌다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop an instructional model and strategies for maker education using a single-board computer(SBC) in elementary school. Despite the increasing emphasis on maker education in elementary school, it has not been conducted effectively because of the lack of elaborated instructional models and strategies which can facilitate and support learning activities. Based on the procedure of design and development research method, the initial instructional model and strategies were developed through a literature review. After experts’ review and usability test to validate the model and strategies, the results are as follows: the final instructional model includes 10 stages as follows. 1) Empathize, 2) Defining the problem, 3) Tinkering, 4) Making for assembly 5) Designing algorithms and programming with remix 6) Making for creative construction, 7) Debugging&Modifying the computational artifact, 8) Sharing, 9) Reflection, 10) Wrap-up. Also, the instructional strategies consist of 6 general design strategies and 23 detailed guidelines developed to support the sharing of output and processes created through making activities. As a result of pre-post test on computational thinking and maker mindset, it verified that the model and strategies are helpful to conduct maker education using SBC and improve learners’ computational thinking and maker mindset. The theoretical and practical meaning of this study is to develop the optimized instructional model and strategies which can be useful in the field of elementary school context through an empirical approach.
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