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가상현실 기반 교육용 시뮬레이션 설계원리 개발

A Developmental Study on Design Principles for Virtual Reality Based Educational Simulation

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참고문헌

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주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구는 가상현실 기반 교육용 시뮬레이션을 최적의 상태로 구현하기 위한 설계원리를 도출하고 이를 검증하는 목적을 지닌다. 미래 사회에서 요구하는 역량을 보다 효과적으로 향상시키기 위해 현장성을 반영한 교육 필요성이 강조되고 있다. 교육이나 훈련이 필요하지만 위험이나 제약 없이 다양한 맥락에서 사용자의 학습 경험을 확장할 수 있는 방안으로 가상현실을 고려해 볼 수 있다. 하지만 가상현실이 지닌 특성과 요소를 고려하여 보다 효과적인 교육용 시뮬레이션이 구현될 수 있음에도 불구하고 이에 대한 종합적인 안내와 처방을 제시한 연구는 미흡하다. 본 연구 목적을 달성하기 위하여 선행연구 검토, 전문가 면담, 전문가 타당화, 프로토타입의 개발과 이에 대한 사용자 반응을 분석하는 설계․개발 연구 방법을 활용하였다. 연구 결과, ‘맥락적 시나리오’, ‘시뮬레이션 행위 유발성’, ‘실제적 활동 및 반응’ 총 세 가지의 구성요소를 기반으로 현실 문제 부합성의 원리, 가상현실 기술 적합성의 원리, 현실 환경 유사성의 원리, 구조 계획의 원리, 전문가 접근 구현의 원리, 활동 전개의 구성 원리, 단순-복잡의 진행 원리, 가상 인식의 원리, 조작 및 선택의 현실성 원리, 정보 제공의 원리, 사고 촉진의 원리, 반성적 성찰의 원리 총 열두 개의 설계원리를 도출하였다. 이를 적용한 프로토타입을 개발하고 사용자 반응을 분석한 결과, 주요 강점으로는 ‘사전 훈련 혹은 연습 기회 제공을 통한 내용 체화 촉진’, ‘현실에서 발생하는 상황이나 반응 등의 반영으로 현실과 유사한 경험으로 인식’, ‘시뮬레이션 활동과 제스쳐로 인한 실제적 역동성’ 등이 제시되었다. 약점을 고려한 개선점 측면에서는 ‘제스쳐의 다양화와 표정 변화 반영’, ‘현장에서 발생하는 환경적 소리 반영’ 등이 제안되었다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to develop the design principles for optimized design of virtual reality based educational simulation. The educational approaches considering authentic context need to more effectively improve the competency for the future. Virtual reality can be considered as a way to extend the users’ learning experience in various contexts where education or training is required but no risks or little constraints. Although educational simulation can be implemented more effectively in consideration of the characteristics of virtual reality, there is a lack of research on comprehensive prescriptions. Using design and development research method including literature review, analysis of experts’ opinions, and experts’ review, this study derived design principles. After that, a prototype was developed and the responses of five users were analyzed. As a result, the components of contextual scenario, affordance in the simulation, and user activity and response were derived. Based on these components, twelve design principles were as follows: matching authentic problems in reality; judgement suitable for VR technology; similarity to real environment; structural planning; implementing the professional approach; conceptualizing deployment of simulation activity; simple to complex process; virtual recognition; the same operation and selection as reality; providing information; promoting thinking of simulation activity; reflection on the whole simulation. The main strengths were ‘promoting the embodiment’, ‘recognizing the reality-like experience by reflecting the situation or reaction’, ‘increasing the perception of dynamics’. For major improvement, diversification of gestures, reflection of facial expressions and applying ambient sound in the field were suggested.

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