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증강현실 기반 수업설계 원리 개발 연구

Developmental Study on Augmented Reality Based Instructional Design Principles

임철일|한송이
한국교육공학회 (Korean Society Of Educational Technology)|2019.06|교육공학연구 (Journal of Educational Technology)|제35권 제2호|pp. 455-489|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.17232/KSET.35.2.455

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참고문헌

키워드

증강현실augmented reality증강현실 기반 수업증강현실 교육용 콘텐츠 활용augmented reality based learningHMD AR
주제분류교육학

초록

증강현실은 현실 세계에 가상의 정보를 추가적으로 제공하기 때문에 그 어느 교육매체보다 풍부한 학습 환경을 제공하고, 이를 통해 학습자의 능동적인 학습을 가능하게 하여 효과적인 학습을 가능하게 한다. 때문에 증강현실 기반 교육은 텍스트와 자료설명으로만은 어려운 학습내용, 가시화하기 까다로운 내용, 추상적인 학습개념, 고위험 및 경비가 많이 드는 경험․실험 등에 적용하기에 효과적이다. 하지만 학교 현장에서의 증강현실 활용 양상을 살펴보면 주로 단편적으로 초․중․고등학교에서 적용되거나, 고등교육에서 워크샵․세미나를 통한 일회성 혹은 간단한 경험정도로 이용되고 있으며, 학습에 효과를 줄 수 있는 전문적인 내용 보다는 주로 게임․엔터테인먼트 용도로 단순히 사용되고 있다. 본 연구는 고등교육 맥락에서 증강현실 기반 수업을 효과적으로 설계하기 위한 수업설계 원리를 개발하는 것을 목적으로 실행되었다. 이를 위해 설계․개발 연구방법을 적용하였으며 선행문헌 고찰과 초기 전문가 면담을 통해 초기 수업설계 원리를 도출하였다. 이후 타당화를 통해 전문가 검토와 사용성 평가를 실시하였고, 타당화 의견을 반영하여 설계원리를 지속적으로 개선하였다. 연구결과, 증강현실 기반 수업설계 원리로 ① 목표 정합성의 원리, ② 최적의 AR선정의 원리, ③ AR 활용 숙달의 원리, ④ 최적의 AR 활용 환경의 원리, ⑤ 능동적인 지식구성 촉진의 원리, ⑥ 시각지능 촉진의 원리, ⑦ 협동학습 촉진의 원리, ⑧ 통합적 성취도 평가의 원리, ⑨ 지속가능개선을 위한 성찰의 원리, 총 9개의 수업설계 원리가 개발되었다. 또한 각 수업설계 원리에는 그 원리를 구현하는데 필요한 상세지침 총 24개가 개발되었다. 이상의 연구결과에 기초하여 본 연구의 이론적․실천적 함의를 증강현실의 교수설계 측면과 실천전략 측면에서 논의하였다.

Abstract

Augmented reality enables learners to learn actively, it enhances sensory immersion, interest and motivation. Moreover, it supports learning by experiencing in a real 3D environment, which was only available in 2D through natural interfaces. Therefore, it is effective to apply to learning content that is difficult to understand and visualize, abstract learning concepts, high risk, and costly experiences and experiments. As a result, various attempts have been made in order to apply the advantages of augmented reality to higher education classes as a tool to support effective learning, due to active participation of learners. This study was conducted for the purpose of developing instructional principles for designing and implementing augmented reality effectively in the context of higher education based on the unique learning experiences of learners generated through augmented reality, in which design and development research method was adopted. The initial design principles were developed after deriving the components, and design principles through literature review and experts interview. Experts’ review and usability test were conducted to validate the initial design principles, and it was continuously improved by reflecting the validation opinions. As a result of the study, a total of 9 instructional principles were developed for AR class. In addition, a total of 24 detailed guidelines were developed for each instructional principle in order to implement it. Based on the findings, we suggested the theoretical․practical implications of this study, which were discussed in terms of instructional design and practical strategy of augmented reality.

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