중등학교 사회과 프로젝트기반학습에서 인지적 도구로서 테크놀로지의 역할
A Study on the Roles of Technology as Cognitive Tools in the Project-based Learning in Secondary School Geography Classrooms
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 테크놀로지를 활용한 프로젝트형 프로그램을 통해 학생들의 문제해결과정에서 테크놀로지의 역할을 조사하는 것이다. 이를 위해 ‘Heat Busters!’와 ‘미세먼지는 어디서?’ 교수학습 프로그램에 5개의 중등학교가 참여하였으며, 정규수업과 방과후수업 형태로 진행되었다. 참여 학생(N=157)을 대상으로 테크놀로지역할을 묻는 질문의 응답을 조사하였으며, 학습을 지원하는 도구로서 테크놀로지의 역할 틀을 활용해 학생 응답을 분류한 후 분석했다. 이와 함께 프로그램에서 테크놀로지의 역할에 대한 학생들의 평가를 조사하기 위해 사후설문을 함께 진행하였다. 프로그램 속에서 테크놀로지는 인지적 도구 중에도 범위 외의 활동 지원과 데이터프로세싱 중 데이터 수집 도구로서 학습을 지원하였다. 또한 테크놀로지의 활용은 야외에서 보다 정확한 데이터를 수집하는데 도움을 준다고 평가되었다. 이외에 학생들은 스스로 테크놀로지를 협력과 의사소통의 도구로 활용하기도 했다. 네트워크가 연결된 테크놀로지에서 채팅방과 구글맵을 활용해 비동시적 학습을 시도하며 협력적으로 문제를 해결하였다. 또한 야외에서 휴대용 테크놀로지를 가지고 데이터를 직접 수집하는 과정은 학습의 맥락형성에도 기여하는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
The aim of this study is to understand the roles of technology on students’ problem-solving process. The ‘Heat Busters!’ and ‘Where does the fine dust come from?’ program were attended by five secondary schools, with regular and after school classes. In order to investigate the role of technology as a tool to support learning, students (N=157) were asked to answer the post-questionnaires and after interviews. The students‘ reponses were classified and analyzed using the framework of technology as a learning tool. Within the program, technology was set to support learning as a cognitive tool and data collecting tool. Technology has been shown to support cognitive activities that would be out of reach among cognitive tools. In addition, students have used technology as a tool for cooperation and communication using chat room and Google map. Students evaluated that they could get situated learning environments in the process of collecting and processing data in the field. It is expected that ‘Heat Busters!’ and ‘Where does the fine dust come from’ program will be a specific examples in changes of education in South Korea. In addition, by introducing the use of technology as a learning tool, it will have a positive impact on the practice of teaching and learning using diverse technology.
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