자신의 신념과 모순된 정보에 직면할 때 나타나는 중학교 과학영재학생의 동기화된 추론: 진자의 주기 탐구 과정에서
Motivated Reasoning in Gifted Middle School Science Students When Confronting Incongruity: Exploring the Period of a Pendulum
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참고문헌
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초록
동기화된 추론이란 개인이 바람직하다고 생각하는 신념이나 특정한 결론을 목표로 이루어지는 편향된 추론을 의미한다. 본 연구는 진자의 주기를 탐구하는 과정에서 자신의 신념과 모순된 정보에 직면할 때 중학교 과학영재학생들에게 나타나는 동기화된 추론의 특징은 무엇이고 어떠한 맥락에서 동기화된 추론이 나타나고 정당화되는지 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 다수의 선행연구 및 과학사적 사례에 근거하여 과학 탐구 과정에서 모순된 정보에 직면했을 때 나타날 수 있는 동기화된 추론의 특징을 분석하였다. 그 결과 불인정, 배제, 보조가설 도입, 재해석, 선택적 지각의 다섯 가지 특징으로 구분할 수 있었다. 툴민의 논증모형 분석틀을 활용하여 진자의 주기를 탐구하는 두 번의 실험에서 나타난 학생들의 동기화된 추론을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 학생들에게 나타난 동기화된 추론은 자신의 기존 신념을 유지하기 위한 편향된 사고로 이어졌고 새롭게 접한 여러 정보나 증거를 합리적으로 판단하기 어렵게 만들었다. 학생들은 자신의 신념과 일치하지 않는 정보를 인식하면 해당 정보의 타당성을 인정하지 않거나 보조가설을 도입하는 등 자신의 신념을 일관적으로 유지하려는 모습을 보였다. 또한 선택 가능한 여러 정보 중 자신의 신념을 지지하는 정보에만 주의를 기울이고 그렇지 않은 정보는 지각하지 못하는 모습도 나타났다. 일부 학생은 모순된 정보도 자신의 신념과 일치한다고 재해석하기도 하였다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 과학교육 및 영재교육, 그리고 향후 연구에 대한 시사점을 논의하였다.
Abstract
Motivated reasoning refers to biased reasoning that occur with the goal of a belief or a specific conclusion that an individual considers desirable. This study explored the characteristics of motivated reasoning that appeared in science-gifted middle school students when confronted with information contradicting their existing beliefs in exploring the period of a pendulum, and in what contexts motivated reasoning becomes apparent and is warranted. For this research, the characteristics of motivated reasoning that could occur when confronting incongruity in the scientific inquiry are summarized based on numerous prior studies and history of science. As a result of the theoretical reviews, we could classify into five characteristics: disapproval, exclusion, adopting an ad hoc hypothesis, reinterpretation, and selective perception. Using Toulmin's argumentation pattern, students' motivated reasonings were analyzed in two experiments exploring the period of a pendulum. As a result of the analysis, motivated reasoning led to biased thought to maintain pre-existing beliefs, making it difficult to rationally judge new information or evidence. When students recognized information that went against their beliefs, they showed an effort to consistently maintain their beliefs, such as disapproving the validity of the information or adopting the ad hoc hypothesis. In addition, they only paid attention to information that corroborate their beliefs while ignoring opposing viewpoints. Some students reinterpreted incongruous information as being consistent with their beliefs. An interpretation of these results was discussed, along with their implications for science-gifted education and future research.
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