毛泽东访苏与「中苏友好同盟互助条约」的签订
Study on the Mao Zedong’s Visit to the Soviet Union and the Signing of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance
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研究 目的: 中苏同盟是冷战时期东北亚国际关系研究的重要内容。分析冷战初期中苏关系的历史发展脉络对同盟理论的研究有所帮助，有助于更深入地理解中国独立自主的外交政策。研究 方法: 本文采用文献分析法，对毛泽东访苏与《中苏友好同盟互助条约》签订的背景、大致经过、双方分歧以及结果进行了分析。研究 内容: 本文主要分析冷战时期在面对外部因素影响下的中苏两国的外交政策的选择，及为了国家利益和周边国家稳定，所做出的政策选择带来的利益。分析 结果: 经过分析发现，中苏共同的安全利益需求、冷战形势的演进、美国的影响、中国在“外蒙”问题上的让步、毛泽东的坚持，促使斯大林最终做出让步，中苏军事同盟关系得到确立。在同盟关系的确立过程中，两国对国家利益的诉求起到了决定性作用。
Abstract
Sino-Soviet alliance is an important part of the study of international relations in Northeast Asia during the Cold War. An analysis of the historical development of Sino-Soviet relations in the early Cold War is helpful to the study of alliance theory and a deeper understanding of China’s independent foreign policy. This paper analyzes the background, general process, differences and results of Mao Zedong’s visit to the Soviet Union and the signing of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance. Through analysis, it is found that the common security interests of China and the Soviet Union, the evolution of the Cold War situation, the influence of the United States, China’s concession on the issue of “Outer Mongolia” and Mao Zedong’s insistence prompted Stalin to finally make concessions, which led to the establishment of Sino-Soviet alliance. In the process of establishing the alliance, the two countries’ demands for national interests played a decisive role.
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