“얄타비밀협정”과 “중·소 우호동맹조약”의 체결
The Impact of Yalta Agreement and Conclusion of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance
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1945년 2월 11일, 美國·英國·蘇聯은 소련의 對日 참전과 그 대가에 관한 “얄타비밀협정(이하“얄타협정”)”을 체결하였다. 얄타협정에 관한 기존의 평가는 얄타협정을 미국과 소련이 상대의 세력 확장을 봉쇄하고자 한 결과로 인식하였으며, 반면에 美·蘇 양국이 협력관계를 유지하고자 했던 측면에 대해서는 간과하고 있다. 본 연구는 1941년 12월 태평양전쟁이 발발한 이후부터 1945년 8월 소련의 대일전 참전이 이루어진 시점까지의 미·소 협력관계를 분석하였다. 이를 통해 미·소 양국은 전시뿐만 아니라 전후에도 극동지역에서 협력을 유지하는 것이 각자 자국의 이익에 부합한다고 판단하였음을 밝혔다. 특히 戰時 양국관계는 기본적으로 “협력”이라는 큰 패러다임(paradigm) 속에서 분석되어야 하며, 얄타협정은 미·소 대립이 아닌 “妥協의 산물”이었음을 규명하고자 한다. 얄타협정은 1945년 8월 “中蘇友好同盟條約”의 체결을 통해 최종적으로 완성·실행되었으며, 이로써 전후 미·소 양국의 동북아시아 국제질서에 대한 설계도가 완성되었다.
Abstract
On February 11, 1945, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin signed the Yalta Agreement,which regulated the conditions in return for entering of the Soviet Union in the Pacific War. Previous studies on the Yalta agreement mainly evaluated it as a result of the U.S. and Soviet Union”s containment of the other”s expansion in the Far East, while overlooking these two countries” efforts for cooperation. By analysing the U.S.–Soviet cooperation during the period from the outbreak of the Pacific War in December 1941 until the Soviet Union”s participation in the war against Japan in August 1945, this article concluded that U.S. and Soviet Union maintained cooperation in the Far East, not only during wartime but also postwar period, on the belief that it was in their own interests. In conclusion, wartime relationship between two countries should be analyzed in a concepts of cooperation, therefore, the Yalta Agreement should be regarded as a “product of dialogue and negotiations” between the Soviet Union and the U.S., not a result of the confrontation. The Yalta Agreement was finally accomplished by signing the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance in August 1945. The Yalta Agreement and Sino-Soviet Treaty laid the foundation for the postwar order in Northeast Asia.
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