1895~1907년 평안도 지역의 ‘軍土’ 조사 작업과 관련 분쟁

Abstract

After the Kabo Reform, various national lands such as Yeokto(驛土), Dunto(屯土) etc. have been registered to various governmental agencies, then during the periods of Taehan Empire, have become one of the revenue resources of Naejangwŏn(內藏院), Department of Royal Finance. ‘Gunto(Military Land)’ in Pyeongan-do area was being distinguished from other national lands such as Dunto by the government. The reasons are as follows : First, historically, village joint ownership has begun to be formed over the ‘Military service land’ as one type of military service from the late Chosŏn dynasty. Second, because of the ambiguous meaning of the name, ‘Military Service Land(軍役土)’, military-related agencies such as the military(軍部), Jibangdae(地方隊), Wonsubu(元帥府), have attempted to actively exercise their jurisdiction over it. For that reason, during the investigation process, there were many cases of conflicts over the jurisdiction over ‘Gunto(Military Land)’ among the government agencies and between the government and the common people, who stressed the ‘Gunto’s nature as ‘private and public property’ while trying to stop its confiscation. While utilizing many materials in Kyujanggak(奎章閣) that show various aspects of the disputes related to ‘Gunto(Military Land)’ including the northern areas of Pyeongan-do, this study tried to analyze these two following aspects. : First, it tried to descript the actual configuration of ‘Gunto’, using documents that shows various examples of the management, and documents of ‘the investigation proposal’. Through the analysis of the various examples, this study tried to reveal the unique tenant customs and the type of management in Pyengan-do, and how the different understanding of the origin of ‘Gunto’ among the people have become the major cause of the various disputes. Also, by analyzing ‘the investigation proposal’, it tried to show the institution's focus of investigating, the size of ‘Gunto’ allocated for each military unit, and the fluctuation of Dojeon(賭錢)-appropriating ratio in the process. It concluded that even though Naejangwŏn tried to increase the amount of Dojeon(賭錢) by discovering Eunruto(隱漏土) and incresing the Dojeong-appropriating ratio, the fluctuation was not constant. Second, this study examined the various aspects and background of disputes related to ‘Gunto’. In cases of conflicts among the government agencies, it was mostly between Naejangwŏn and other institutes such as the military, Hongneung(洪陵), Seonhuigung(宣禧宮), Wonsubu(元帥府), etc. This study specificly pursued after the process of making 28 cases of ‘the investigation proposals’ in Uiju(義州). Also, this study analyzed the aspects where the common people's dissatisfaction was being increased as the investigation was made repeatedly owing to the conflicts among agencies. The common people, stressing the origin of ‘Gunto’ requested that their customs should be respected and their private rights be protected, but the disputes were not completely settled until 1905, when the people collaborated with the pro-Japanese. Through this study, an aspect of ‘investigation and management of national lands’ during that period could be explained, and especially, it would be possible to grasp the actual configuration and meanings of the common people's reaction in the process.