근대전환기 궁장토 소유권의 향방 : 경상도 창원 龍洞宮田畓 ‘永作宮屯=租200斗型’의 사례

Abstract

Among the royal lands which did not have clear ownership, there are two types. One is levied 100 dus(斗) of rough rice on each gyeol(結) while the other is 200 dus. The “rough rice 100 dus” type was almost equal to private lands. However, due to the relation of the land to government organizations, it was difficult for the lands to be recognized as private lands during the process of the Japanese land investigation. In the case of the “rough rice 200 dus” type, 100 dus was land tax while the remaining was farm rent. The low farm rent rate means that the tenants was permitted to retain considerable rights in terms of land ownership. In the process of readjustment with the royal land since the Kabo Reform(1894), the title to the “rough rice 200 dus” type became the point at issue. This article deals with the whereabouts of this type of land in the modern transitional period with the special focus on the Yongdong-gung(龍洞宮) royal land in Changwon County, Gyeongsang Province since the land was the typical “rough rice 200 dus” type. The Yongdong-gung royal land retained the basic “rough rice 200 dus” type even after the Kabo Reform. However, with the settlement of royal lands, the tenants’ bid for ownership was disregarded. Considering the low farm rent rate, the right of the Jungdabju [semi-landowner or semi-tenant] would possibly remain. However, it was denied as well. The Yongdong-gung royal land was at last vested into the government land without any application of private landownership. Offering the low farm rent, “rough rice 200 dus” to Yongdong-gung and therefore preserving the considerable title to the land, the tenants was at last degenerated into contract-based government tenants. They had to pay the farm rent that was over the 50% of the production under the colonial landownership system.