전후 만철의 접수와 중국 동북철도의 재편

Abstract

This paper set out to examine the ways the South Manchuria Railway (SMR), i.e. the Northeast Railway of China, was requisitioned at the end of WWⅡ and was reorganized during the occupation of the Soviet Red Army and the Chinese Civil War, as well as to consider their postwar significance. As the SMR was requisitioned by the Soviet Red Army, China could not manage an independent and normal railroad service immediately, instead experiencing the Soviet occupation and the illegal transfer of Manchurian industrial facilities to the Soviet Union. However, due to the low level of Chinese technical and management ability, the Japanese were needed for the operation of the Northeast Railway of China from the occupation of the Soviet Red Army to the rule of the Kuomintang and the victory of the Communist Party. With the withdrawal of the Soviet Army, the Kuomintang Government began to manage railroads and achieved some results from 1946 to 1947. After the Communist Chinese Army launched a counterattack, there was no choice but to reduce and finally withdraw the railway network of the Kuomintang. The Communist Chinese Army organized the railroad management system as a supply route and grabbed at a chance for a war victory. Indeed, the Northeast Railway of China was the logistic network that supported the conduct of operations initiated by the Communist Chinese Army in the south of Shanhaiguan. The Northeast Railway of China, which had the highest level of technology among all prewar Japanese railways, was used as the “source” for a new type of railways after the liberation.