고려시대 魚梁川澤의 존재와 수취구조

Abstract

In Koreas premodern society, EoRyangCheonTaek(魚梁川澤) means the regions near the sea or the river which aren't a cultivated area station, that a back was distributed over a fishpound(魚箭), a salt field(鹽場), a tideland(海澤), and a dam(堤堰) etc. As these regions are the local fields that can produce a seawater product, the region's labor was mobilized or was installed and was managed by nations force. The production of EoRyangCheonTaek was performed by the residents which had regional connection in these regions, and they were separated early in agriculture, and it was completely fishermen being engaged in to marine products production. On the one hand, farmer who served as activity productive marine products at the same time existed at the coastal-Jugun(沿海州郡) while being based to agriculture production. Even if their activity was too speciality or made together agriculture and fishery, partly of them were organized to special productive groups called 'So(所)' that there were a lot of hauls, or special various specifies of fish was caught as they had suitable condition. So they took charge of activity productive a seawater product needing in the Royal House or the national center governments. The seawater product(海水産物) produced from EoRyangCheonTaek having been categorized to 'So(所)' was used to events such as a SakSeon(朔膳), memorial service of the Royal Family(祭祀) and guest reception(賓客) etc. and on the one hand it was used to indispensable goods in dietary life of the people. Therefore, the area of production for an important product like YeomSo(鹽所), GwakSo(藿所), EoRyangSo(魚梁所) etc. need to be grasped in detail by nations. However, governmental EoRyangCheonTaek operation changed greatly in the latter period of Goryeo dynasty. As a system of BuGok(部曲制) was collapsed and a system of SO(所體制) would be relaxed, the family in power(權勢家) derived from a palace(宮院) or a temple(寺院) etc. snatched gradually EoRyang CheonTaek after the twelfth century. The reason that the family in power, abundant in large scale personnel mobilization and funds, snatched it was as the accumulation of wealth along a development of these times distribution economy was easy. Specially, merchants participated positively to distribution of a flood damage product while a seawater product was paid attention to value added commodities. As soon as merchants held a product of EoRyangCheonTaek delivered with a tribute form, the reformists in the Early Choson Dynasty improved the structure of taxation of EoRyangCheonTaek through organization reorganization of SaJaeGam(司宰監) and prevented that the family in power took porcibly it. Also, reformers endeavored in order to to ensure national finance while strengthening penalty regulation.