고려 후기 漕運制의 운영과 변화

Abstract

This thesis examined chronological changes in “the shipping system of grain paid as a tax (漕運制)”. The thesis’ subjects are a loss of foundation for transporting “grain paid as a tax”, a weakening of the function of “a warehouse for grain paid as a tax (漕倉)”, a plundering of Japanese raiders, a drawing up of measures to restore “the shipping system of taxes in kind”, and so on. “The warehousing system for grain paid as a tax (漕倉制)”, which had been organized to transport grain paid as a tax in the first half of the Goryeo period, was unable to function properly in the latter part of the 13th-century. Its failure was mainly due to social and economic changes beginning in the 12th-century and a plundering of economic resources to operate its system by rebel forces of Sambyeolcho (三別抄) and the Yuan Dynasty in the middle and the latter periods of the 13th-century. A loss of its economic resources led at once to a weakening of the warehouse for “grain paid as a tax”. In order to resolve the economic crisis, the Royal Court endeavored to maintain the work transporting grain paid as a tax, passing the responsibility of its management to individual counties and prefectures. It seems that there were changes in operating its system, such as the payment of taxes through private ownership of boats instead of through statute labor. The system that was established though management of individual counties and prefectures was in trouble once again following the plundering of Japanese raiders in the 14th-century. Many measures taken to efficiently transport the “grain paid as a tax”, particularly “granary surrounded by a rampart (漕轉城)” contributed to the recovery of the shipping system of grain paid as a tax that had been weakening since the latter part of the Goryeo period. They also helped to improve the nation's financial status. Furthermore, they set the stage to organize a system which transported “grain paid as a tax” in the Joseon Dynasty.