수사면담 맥락에서 질문 유형에 따른 아동의 반응특성: 면담의 지연여부 및 자기지각 수준을 중심으로
The Features of Children’s Responses across Question Format in Investigative Interview Context : With a focus on Time Delay of Interview and Level of Children’s Self-Perception
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 스트레스적 사건을 경험한 만 5-8세 아동을 대상으로 사건 경험 후 즉시, 그리고 일주일 후, 모두 두 번에 걸쳐서 아동의 기억 정확성을 평가하였다. 질문의 유형을 ‘응답 가능한 질문’과‘응답 불가능한 질문’으로 나누어 아동의 반응 특성을 평가하였다. 응답 불가능한 질문에 대한 아동의올바른 반응은 ‘모르겠어요’이며 그 외의 모든 다른 응답은 오반응으로 간주되었다. 본 연구에서는 응답 불가능한 질문에 대한 아동 반응에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 면담의 지연 여부와 아동의 자기 지각수준을 고려하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구결과 나이든 아동은 어린 아동보다 응답 불가능한 질문에 모르겠다는 정확한 반응이 높았고, 나이든 아동과 어린 아동 모두 사건 경험 후 즉시 이루어진 면담보다일주일 후의 지연된 면담에서 오반응을 더 많이 보였다. 특히, 응답 불가능한 질문의 경우 아동의 자기지각 수준이 낮을수록 오반응을 더 많이 보였다. 현실적으로 아동이 무엇을 경험했는지 실체적 진실을알 수 없는 수사면담자의 입장에서는 응답 불가능한 질문을 하게 될 가능성이 농후하다. 따라서 응답불가능한 질문에 대한 아동의 반응을 해석할 때 아동이 경험한 사건과 면담실시 시점 간의 시간지연여부와 아동의 자기 지각 수준을 고려 할 필요성을 논의하였다.
Abstract
This study assessed the accuracy of recalls of 5-8-year-old children who experienced a stressful event immediately after and one week after the event. Children’s memory was assessed by dividing the questions into “answerable” and “unanswerable” questions. Answerable questions had specific answers, while unanswerable questions did not; the correct response to the latter type of question was “I don’t know.” All other responses were considered false responses. This study sought to examine the time delay of interviews and the level of children’s self-perception as factors that affect their false responses. The results revealed that older children showed higher accuracy in responses, and both older and younger children showed more false responses in the delayed interview (one week after the event) than in the interview conducted immediately after the event, both of which support previous findings. An interesting finding was that children with lower self-perception showed more false responses to unanswerable questions. However, such association was not significant for answerable questions. To prevent misinterpretation of children’s false responses, the author discussed the importance of considering the time delay between the event and the interview as well as individual features, such as children’s confidence, in investigative interviews where investigators occasionally ask unanswerable questions due to their lack of knowledge on the specific experiences of the children.
참고문헌 (30)
- CM Roebers, "Individual differences in young children’s suggestibility: Relations to event memory, language abilities, working memory, and executive functioning", Cogn Dev, 20(3), pp.427~447 (2005)
- AH Waterman, "The effect of dDelay and individual differences on children’s tendency to guess", Dev Psychol, 49(2), pp.215~226 (2013)
- AH Waterman, "Indicating when you do not know the answer: The effect of question format and interviewer knowledge on children’s ‘don’t know’ responses", Br J Dev Psychol, 22(3), pp.335~348 (2004)
- S Ghetti, "“If it happened, I would remember it”: Strategic use of event memorability in the rejection of false autobiographical memories", Child Dev, 75(2), pp.542~561 (2004)
- S Shrimpton, "Children’s memory of events: Effects of stress, age, time delay and location of interview", Appl Cogn Psychol, 12(2), pp.133~143 (1998)
- F Jack, "Magic memories: Young children’s verbal recall after a 6-year delay", Child Dev, 83(1), pp.159~172 (2012)
- M Bruck, "Individual differences in children’s suggestibility: A review and synthesis", Appl Cogn Psychol, 18(8), pp.947~996 (2004)
- Y Chae, "Individual differences in children’s recall and suggestibility: The effect of intelligence, temperament, and self perceptions", Appl Cogn Psychol, 19(4), pp.383~407 (2005)
- S Harter, "The perceived competence scale for children", Child Dev, 53(1), pp.87~97 (1982)
- ME Lamb, "Tell Me What Happened: Structured Investigative Interviews of Child Victims and Witnesses" (2008), Wiley
- ME Lamb, "Children's Testimony: A Handbook of Psychological Research and Forensic Practice" (2011), Wiley Publications
- S Harter, "The pictorial scale of perceived competence and social acceptance for young children", Child Dev, 55(6), pp.1969~1982 (1984)
- 이은해, "아동의 사회적 능률성 척도 개발에 관한 연구", 생활과학논집, 4, pp.175~189 (1990)
- S Harter, "Manual for the Self-Perception Profile for Children", University of Denver, ~ (1985)
- 최명구, "아동의 자기역량과 스트레스 및 스트레스 대처 방식과의 관계", 대학생활연구, 13, pp.127~146 (1995)
- 金庚集, "兒童의 또래地位와 自我知覺의 關係", 석사, 교육상담, pp.1996
- C Hughes, "Individual differences in growth in executive function across the transition to school predict externalizing and internalizing behaviors and self-perceived academic success at 6 years of age", J Exp Child Psychol, 108(3), pp.663~676 (2011)
- CM Roebers, "The role of executive functions for emerging metacognitive monitoring and control skills: Evidence from a longitudinal study with 6- to 8-year-olds", Paper presented at the 5th International Conference on Memory (2011)
- DF Bjorklund, "Social demand characteristics in children’s and adults’ eyewitness memory and suggestibility: The effect of different interviewers on free recall and recognition", Appl Cogn Psychol, 14(5), pp.421~433 (2000)
- PA Newcombe, "Conversational influences on children’s responses to misleading questions", J Appl Dev Psychol, 22(4), pp.363~378 (2001)
- Baker-Ward, "Predicting children’s recall of a dental procedure: Contributions of stress, preparation and dental history", Appl Cogn Psychol, 29(5), pp.775~581 (2015)
- M Steward, "Interviewing young children about body touch and handling", Monogr Soc Res Child Dev, 61(4-5) (1996)
- PA Ornstein, "The influence of prior knowledge and repeated questioning on children’s long-term retention of the details of a pediatric examination", Dev Psychol, 42(2), pp.332~344 (2006)
- D La Rooy, "Enhancing children’s event recall after long delays", Appl Cogn Psychol, 21(1), pp.1~17 (2007)
- S Ghetti, "Knowing about not remembering: Developmental dissociations in lack-of-memory monitoring", Dev Sci, 13(4), pp.611~621 (2010)
- JM Marazita, "Young children’s judgments of whether they know the names for objects: The metalinguistic ability it reflects and processes it involves", J Mem Lang, 51(3), pp.458~472 (2004)
- CM Roebers, "The role of executive functions for emerging metacognitive monitoring and control skills: Evidence from a longitudinal study with 6- to 8-year-olds", Paper presented at the 5th International Conference on Memory (2011)
- PA Newcombe, "Conversational influences on children’s responses to misleading questions", J Appl Dev Psycholy, 22(4), pp.363~378 (2001)
- M Bruck, "Individual differences in children’s suggestibility: A review and synthesis", Appl Cogn Psychol, 18(8), pp.947~996 (2004)
- M Bruck, "The suggestibility of children’s memory", Annu Rev Psychol, 50, pp.419~439 (1999)