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범인 및 용의자 식별 진술조사 맥락에서 아동 피암시성에 대한 고찰

A Study on the Suggestibility of Children in the Context of the Criminal and Suspect Identification Statement Survey

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초록

범인 및 용의자 식별과 진술은 목격자의 기억이라는 불완전한 자료에 의존하기 때문에 사법적 맥락의 의사결정에 있어 오류의 가능성을 내포한다. 목격자의 기억은 심리적 상태에 따라 그 신뢰성이 다를 수 있기 때문이다. 특히 아동의 경우 암시성에 취약한 특성으로 인해 진술조사 과정에서 아동의 기억 발달적 특징을 반영하는 제도상의 보완과 더불어 이에 대한 조사관의 이해가 반드시 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 아동의 범인 및 용의자 식별 진술조사 맥락에서 아동의 암시성에 대한 이해에 필요한 기초자료를 구축해 보고자 하였다. 구체적으로 아동의 연령과, 인지적 능력(지능, 주의분산, 실행기능, 창의성), 언어적 능력, 심리적 특성(스트레스 대처 및 애착, 정서성, 자기개념)들을 고려하였고, 외적 요인으로는 면담 환경 및 면담자의 태도, 질문 유형, 반복 면담, 면담 지연 특성들을 고려하였다. 이와 같은 지식은 아동의 진술을 오해석하거나 거짓 진술을 판단하는 데 유용한 자료가 될 것이다.

Abstract

The identification and statement of criminals and suspects implies the possibility of errors in the decision-making of judicial situations because they rely on incomplete data of eyewitness memory. This is because eyewitness memory can vary in its reliability depending on its biological and psychological state. In particular, since children exhibit a vulnerability to suggestibility, an investigator's understanding of the psychological characteristics of children is essential as well as institutional complement in the process of statement investigation. Therefore, in the context of the investigation of a criminal and suspect identification statements, this study sought to establish the necessary fundamental knowledge to prepare measures to prevent a child suggestibility. Specifically, child’s cognitive, linguistic, and psychological states were considered as internal factors affecting child suggestibility, and the interviewer's attitude, question type, repeatability, and delay time with events were considered as external factors. This knowledge will be useful in misinterpreting a child's trusted statements or in determining false ones.

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