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아동 조사 면담과 진술 분석 시 유의 사항에 관한 서술적 고찰

Precautions in Interviewing Children and Analyzing their Statements: A Descriptive Review

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초록

본 논문에서는 아동 대상 수사 면담과 진술 분석 시 유의 사항에 대해 살펴보았다. 이를 통하여, 아동의 의사소통 방식과 사건 보고 특성에 관한 무지에서 비롯된 오해를 없애고, 아동 진술 프로토콜의 권고를 정당화하는 학문적 토대를 제시하고자 하였다. 무엇보다 혼란스럽고 일관성이 부족한아동 진술에 관한 과학적 이해에 요구되는 정보 가운데 기존 문헌에서 다루지 않은 내용을 위주로 제시하는 데 그 목표를 두었다. 구체적으로 인간 기억과 관련해서는 생애 최초 기억의 특성과 사건 발생 시 아동의 언어 능력, 연령에 따른 기억 능력을 정리하였다. 면담 질문과 관련해서는 개방형 질문의 필요성, 개방형 질문의 응답 정확성, 선택형 질문, 반복 질문에 대해 살펴보았다. 마지막으로 아동특성과 관련해서는 언어 특성, 출처 기억, 허위 서술의 구체성, 아동의 주의 집중력, 공동 목격자 아동간 진술차에 대해 살펴보았다. 각 주제와 관련하여 진술분석전문가에게 필요한 내용도 기술하였다. 해당 내용은 인간기억 및 아동 진술의 특성에 관해 수사관과 진술분석전문가의 이해를 높이고 향후 수사 면담관련 정책 마련과 시행에 기초 자료가 될 수 있을 것이다

Abstract

This paper comprehensively examined the precautions to be taken during investigative interviews with children and the analysis of their statements. The purpose of this review was to eliminate misunderstandings arising from unfamiliarity with the unique aspects of children's communication and their ways of event reporting and to present an academic foundation that justifies the principles of child statement protocols. Above all, the main purpose of this study was to present that which has not been covered in the existing literature regarding the knowledge required to scientifically understand the often confusing and inconsistent child statements. More specifically, regarding human memory, the characteristics of first-time memory, the language ability of children when an event occurred, and the possibility of memory depending on age were summarized. Regarding interview questions, the following items were examined: the need for open questions, the accuracy of responses to open questions, yes/no questions, and repetitive questions. Finally, the following were summarized regarding characteristics of children: studies related to linguistic characteristics, source memory, specificity of false descriptions, attention span of children, and difference in statements among child witnesses. The contents expected of the statement analysis expert was also briefly described in regard to each topic. This study is expected to enhance the understanding of investigative interviewers and statement analysis experts on the characteristics of human memory and child statements and provide basic data on the preparation and implementation of future investigation- related policies.

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