면담자의 정서적 태도 및 아동의 개인차 특성이 아동의 자발적 회상과 암시적 정보의 저항 수준에 미치는 영향
The Effect of Interviewer's Emotional Attitude and Children’s Individual Differences on the Accuracy of Children's Free Recall and Suggestibility
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초록
본 연구는 만 4-11세 아동 90명을 대상으로 수사면담 시 아동의 회상 보고 정확성에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 면담의 환경적 특성과 아동 개인의 기질적 특성을 고려해 보고자 하였다. 환경적 특성으로는 면담자의 태도를 지지적, 중립적, 비지지적으로 조작하여 개방형 질문에 아동이 자발적으로 정확한 정보를 제공하는 정도와 암시적 질문에 정확하게 ‘아니오’ 반응을 보이는 정도를 살펴보았다. 또한 아동의 회상 보고 정확성에 면담자의 태도가 미치는 영향이 아동의 기질적 특성에 따라 차이가 있는지를 분석해 보았다. 연구 결과, 연령과 무관하게 면담자가 중립적이거나 비지지적인 태도를 유지한 경우보다 지지적인 태도를 제공한 경우 면담자의 개방형 질문에 대한 아동의 자발적 회상 정도가 높았고 암시적 질문에 대한 저항도 우수하였다. 또한 아동의 회상 보고 정확성에 면담자의 지지적 태도가 미치는 영향이 아동의 친사회적 정도에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 구체적으로 친사회적 성향이 낮은 아동이 높은 아동에 비해 면담자의 지지적 태도 영향을 더 많이 받았다. 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 수사면담 시 아동 진술을 일관되고 신뢰롭게 확보하는 방안으로 면담자의 지지적 태도의 중요성에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the attitude of the interviewer and children’s individual characteristics on the accuracy of the memory of children. In this study, 90 children aged of 4-11 years old living in the metropolitan area were interviewed to investigate the accuracy of the child retrospective report. Specifically, the attitude of the interviewer was presented as supportive, neutral, and non-supportive, and the accuracy of the child's voluntary response to the open-ended question of the interviewer and the degree of resistance to the suggestive question were examined. We also examined the effect of the interviewer‘s attitude on the child's individual characteristics. The results were as follows. First, the children’s spontaneous recall was higher and the resistance to the suggestive question was better when the attitude of the interviewer was supportive rather than neutral or non-supportive. Additionally, the supportive attitude of the interviewer affected the accuracy of the children’s memory differently according to the degree of the child pro-social nature, which was measured using a child strength and difficulty questionnaire completed by parents. Children with a lower pro-social orientation were more likely to be affected by the supportive attitude of the interviewer. Based on these results, we discussed the importance of the interviewer's attitude in the reliability of the statements in the context of the child investigative interview.
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