수사면담 시 기본 규칙의 안내와 개방형 라포 형성이 연령에 따른아동의 기억 정확성에 미치는 영향
Effects of providing Ground Rules and Building Open-Ended Rapport on the Accuracy of Children’s Recall according to Age in an Investigative Interview
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초록
본 연구는 만 5-8세 아동 60명을 대상으로 수사면담 시 기본 규칙의 안내와 개방형 라포 형성이 아동의 회상보고 정확성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 면담의 기본 규칙의 안내와 개방형 라포 형성은 선행 연구들을 통하여 그 효과가 입증된 바 있다. 그러나 어린 아동의 경우 주의 집중의 한계와 빨리 피로해지는 상태를 고려하면 조사에 앞서 면담자가 두 가지 모두를 잘 수행하는 것이 현실적으로 쉽지가 않다. 따라서 본 연구는 조사관이 아동으로부터 가능한 완전하고 정확한 회상을 이끌어내기 위해 보다 집중해야 하는 부분에 대한 과학적 근거를 모색하고자 하였다. 이와 같은 맥락에서 연령에 따른 기본 규칙의 안내와 개방형 라포 형성의 효과가 비교되었다. 그 결과 어린 아동의 경우, 면담의 기본규칙 안내는 자발적 회상과 잘못된 정보의 저항에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 그러나 개방형 라포 형성은 아동의 회상보고 정확성 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 나이든 아동의 경우, 면담의 기본규칙 안내와 개방형 라포 형성이 아동 기억에 미치는 긍정적 영향이 유의한 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로, 어린 아동의 수사 면담에서는 자발적 회상보고를 최대한 확보하기 위하여 면담의 기본규칙 안내도 중요하지만 질적으로 우수한 개방형 라포 형성이 갖는 우위적 가치에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
This study aims to examine the effects of providing ground rules and building open-ended rapport on the accuracy of recall during an investigative interview in 60 5-8-year-old children. The effectiveness of providing ground rules and building open-ended rapport have each been confirmed by previous studies. However, it is practically challenging for an interviewer to do both prior to beginning an investigative interview, considering the fact that young children have limited attention capacities and are easily fatigued. Thus, this study compared the effects of providing ground rules and building open-ended rapport in relation to age so as to provide scientific evidence for the specific activity on which investigators should more focus in order to draw complete and accurate recall in children as much as possible. The results revealed that unlike in older children, providing ground rules did not affect voluntary free recall or resistance to misinformation in younger children, while openended rapport building had positive effects on the accuracy of children’s recall. In older children, there were no significant differences in the effects of providing ground rules and open-ended rapport building on the accuracy of children’s recall. Based on these results, the author discussed the comparative advantage of building a good open-ended rapport over providing ground rules in maximizing spontaneous and accurate recall in young children.
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