법정 아동 증언에 관한 연구
Children’s Testimony in Court: a Critical Review of Its Implications
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참고문헌
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초록
본 연구는 법정에서 아동 피해자의 진술 능력을 향상하기 위한 방안을 모색하기 위해, 아동의 진술 능력, 조사면담 특성 및 반대신문의 문제점과 개선방안을 중심으로 국내외 문헌을 개관하였다. 아동이 성폭력 피해자가 되는 경우, 피해 아동의 진술은 무슨 일이 발생했는지 확인할 수 있는 유일한 정보의 원천이 되는경우가 빈번하다. 그러나 아동의 연령, 지능, 성격 및 의사소통 능력은 사건에 대한 진술의 완전성에 영향을미칠 수 있다. 또한 익숙하지 않은 법정 증언 환경은 아동 피해자에게 스트레스와 불안을 유발할 수 있으며, 최초 사건이 발생한 시점으로부터 수사 면담이 장기간 지연되거나 반복적으로 조사면담을 실시하는 경우 아동 진술의 정확성과 구체성은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 수사관의 지지적인 태도는 아동 진술의 양적, 질적 향상을 가져온다. 반면, 유도 질문이나 단답형 질문, 모호하고, 복잡한 질문의 사용은 진술의 정확성과 구체성을 약화한다. 특히 반대신문은 아동 진술의 신뢰성을 의심하고, 심리적 압박을 가할 수 있다는 점에서 아동 피해자에게 고통을 가할 뿐만 아니라, 사실 판단의 어려움을 초래할 수 있다. 이를 고려하여 2차 피해를 예방하고 아동으로부터 구체적이고 정확한 진술을 확보하기 위한 제안은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 아동의불안과 스트레스를 최소화할 수 있는 법정 증언 환경이 조성되어야 한다. 둘째, 법정 증언에 앞서 아동에게증언 절차 및 방법에 대한 교육을 실시한다. 셋째, 아동의 발달, 심리적 특성 및 아동 조사면담 기법에 전문성을 갖춘 전문조사관이 법정 증언을 중개하도록 해야 하며, 넷째, 사법 전문가 대상 지속적인 교육과 훈련이 필요하다. 마지막으로 아동 발달 특성을 반영한 증인 신문 절차 관련 법률이 마련되어야 할 것이다.
Abstract
When a child becomes a victim of sexual violence, the victim’s statement often serves as the sole confirmation of what happened. However, the integrity of the statement is subject to the child’s age, cognitive abilities, personality traits, and communicative aptitude. Furthermore, the unfamiliar setting of a court testimony may induce stress and anxiety in child victims, leading to a decrease in the accuracy and concreteness of their statements, especially when the investigative interview is significantly delayed or repeated. Empirical evidence indicates that an affirming demeanor on the part of the investigator positively influences both the quantity and quality of a child’s statements. Conversely, the use of leading, succinct, or equivocal and intricate questions attenuates the precision and specificity of the statement. Notably, media scrutiny exacerbates the predicament for child victims, fostering skepticism regarding the reliability of their statements and imposing psychological duress. In light of these challenges, recommendations to mitigate secondary harm and secure meticulous and precise statements from children include, firstly, conducting court testimonies within environments tailored to the needs of juveniles to mitigate unfamiliarity-induced anxiety. Secondly, providing comprehensive education to children on court procedures and testimony methodologies preceding the actual testimony. Thirdly, engaging seasoned investigators possessing expertise in child development, psychological characteristics, and interview techniques to mediate court testimonies. Moreover, perpetual educational initiatives are imperative for judicial experts. Finally, the formulation of legislation pertaining to witness examination procedures, cognizant of the distinct features of child development, is deemed necessary.
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