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화이트칼라 범죄에 대한 외국의 연구동향 - 통제(control)적 이론을 중심으로 -

A Research Trend on White-Collar Crime in Foreign Countries - Focused on Control Perspective Theories -

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아시아교정포럼 (Asian Forum for Corrections)|2015.08|교정담론 (Korean Journal of Correctional Discourse)|제9권 제2호|pp. 109-144

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참고문헌

키워드

화이트칼라 범죄white-collar crime일반이론general theory낮은 자아통제통제의 욕구통제균형low-self controldesire for controlcontrol balance.

초록

외국 범죄학계에서는 서덜랜드 이후 화이트칼라 범죄에 대한 논의가 활발하게 이뤄지고 있다. 특히 최근 들어서는 합리적 선택이론, 일반이론, 일반긴장이론 등을 기반으로 실증적 연구가 다양하게 이뤄지고 있다. 그러나, 한국에서는 화이트칼라 범죄에 대한 기본적인 이론연구나 실증연구를 거의 찾아보기 힘든 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 우선 화이트칼라 범죄의 정의와 유형분류에 관한 논의를 살펴보았고, 특히 화이트칼라 범죄와 관련하여 이뤄지고 있는 통제(control)적 관점의 이론과 실증연구 경향을 살펴보았다. 우선, 일반이론의 낮은 자아통제(low-self control)가 화이트칼라 범죄에 있어 어떠한 역할을 하는지를 살펴보았고, 다음으로 최근 들어 화이트칼라 범죄의 특유한 이론으로 각광을 받고 있는 통제의 욕구(desire-for-control) 이론에 대해 살펴보았다. 또 향후 특히 기업범죄에 있어 적용가능성이 높은 것으로 예상되는 통제균형(control balance) 이론에 대해 살펴보았다. 마지막으로 각 이론들이 국내 화이트칼라 범죄 연구에 어떤 시사점을 주고 있는지에 대해 간략히 살펴보았다. 본 논문은 낮은 자아통제, 통제의 욕구, 통제 균형 등 이론이 화이트칼라 범죄와 관련한 국내연구로 이어질 것을 기대하면서 외국의 최근 연구 동향을 알리는데 그쳤다. 앞으로 본 연구를 기점으로 화이트칼라 범죄 전반에 대해 실증연구가 더욱 풍성하게 이뤄지기를 기대한다.

Abstract

There have been a lot of debates on White-Collar Crime among foreign criminological researchers since Sutherland's announcement in 1939. Recently we might see plenty of empirical researches studying WCC based on Rational Choice Theory, General Theory, General Strain Theory etc. But we, Korean researchers, couldn't have enough research findings related to those theories and empirical studies. We introduced recent criminological theory on definitions and classifications of WCC, and especially various debates on control perspective theories in WCC focusing on recent theories and empirical research trends. First, we discussed the role of low self-control in WCC and introduced relevant theories and empirical researches. Second, desire-for-control theory, having been recently discussed more and more as WCC-specific theory, was addressed. Third, we introduced control balance theory, greatly expected to be applied especially to corporate crime. Finally, we presented some tips related to Korean White-Collar Criminology and future researches applying the three theories. This study was focused merely on recent foreign research trends on WCC and control perspective theories, anticipating more empirical studies specifically reflecting domestic characteristics of WCC within Rational-Choice Theory afterwards. We finish this research expecting more studies based on this study in various fields of WCC.

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