인지면담기법이 아동과 성인의 사건회상 정확성에 미치는 효과
The Effects of Cognitive Interview between Children and Adults
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초록
본 연구는 아동과 성인의 사건 회상에 있어서 인지면담기법이 아동에게 보다 효과적임을 입증해 보고자 하였다. 서울 소재 G초등학교 2학년 79명과 경기도 소재 K대학교 대학생 57명을 대상으로 면담유형(표준면담기법/인지면담기법)과 연령(성인/아동)에 따른 사건 정확회상률의 차이를 알아보았다. 모든 참가자들에게 비디오 자극 재료를 보여준 후 성인집단인 대학생과, 아동집단인 초등학교 2학년들을 표준면담집단과 인지면담집단으로 무선할당하였다. 두 집단 모두 면담실시 전에 비디오 자극재료에 대한 사전회상을 실시하였고, 그 다음, 인지면담집단에게 인지면담을 실시하는 동안 표준면담집단은 단순 반복회상 지시를 하였다. 면담실시후 두 집단 모두에게 비디오 자극재료에 대한 구조화된 질문지를 사용하여 회상된 전체 정보 중 정확한 정보의 비율, 즉 정확회상률을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 표준면담집단에서는 성인이 아동보다 정확회상률이 더 높았고, 인지면담집단에서는 성인과 아동 간 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 즉, 인지면담기법은 표준면담기법에 비해서 정확회상률이 더 높았으며, 특히 아동의 정확회상률은 성인만큼 높았다는 것을 발견하였다. 따라서, 인지면담은 성인보다 아동에게 더 효과적인 면담기법인 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
This study examined the effects of Cognitive interview on children and adults' recall(accuracy rates). Participants were 79 second grade of G primary school in Seoul and 57 undergraduate students of K university in Kyonggi. We analysed the amount of participants, recall according to type of interviews and ages. After participants were watched a video recording of a staged fight event, they were randomly assigned to the standard interview group or cognitive interview group. The control group were administerd recall procedure(try again) and the experiment group were administerd the cognitive interview procedures. then they were asked to recall the information about what they watched. As a result, when using standard interview, there were significantly difference in accuracy rates between children and adults, however, when using the cognitive interview, there were no significantly difference. That is children has significantly increased difference of accuracy rates in recall between standard interview group and cognitive interview group than adults. We therefore consider cognitive interview is more effective interview techniques for children than adults.
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