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미국 해안경비대원의 내재적 동기 만족에 영향을 미치는 요인: 국책 연구원과의 비교를 중심으로

Factors Affecting Intrinsic Motive Satisfaction of the US Coast Guard's Employees: Comparative Study with Public Research's Employees

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공공조직에 종사하는 공무원들은 외재적 보상보다 사명감, 성취감 등 내재적 요인에 의하여 더욱 동기부여 되는 것으로 알려져 있으므로 공무원들의 내재적 만족의 영향요인을 살펴보는 것은 공공조직 성과증진 측면에서 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 다양한 업무를 수행하는 공공조직 구성원들은 직무에 따라 다양한 내재적 만족의 영향요인을 가질 수 있는데, 특히 해안경비나 구조 등을 담당하는 해양경찰은 다른 공무원들과는 다른 내재적 동기만족 요인을 가질 수 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구에서는 미국 연방정부 내에서 서로 성격이 상이한 직무를 수행하는 해안경비대원과 국책연구원 연구원들을 대상으로 내재적 동기만족의 영향요인을 비교·분석하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 상명하달의 관료제적 성격이 강한 해안경비대원의 경우 임무의 명확성이 내재적 동기에 가장 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 비교적 자유롭고 혁신적인 사고를 중시하는 연구원의 경우 경력개발가능성이 내재적 동기만족에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 셋째, 성과주의 인사정책의 경우, 해안경비대원의 경우에는 내재적 만족을 저하시키는 요인으로 밝혀진 반면, 연구원의 경우 내재적 동기를 강화시키는 요인으로 나타났다.

Abstract

It has been frequently argued that employees in public organizations are strongly motivated by the factors internal to the work itself or to themselves (intrinsic motivation), rather than the external factors such as financial rewards. Thus, it is meaningful and important to investigate the antecedents and determinants of intrinsic motivation of public employees in order to inform managers in the public sector on how to improve the performance of their organizations. The intrinsic motivation of public employees can be influenced by numerous factors, and also, the relative significances of these factors can vary depending on the characteristics, culture, and environments of their organizations. Especially, police officers working for public safety and security will have quite distinctive mechanism through which they are motivated intrinsically. In this contexts, this study examine and compare the determinants of intrinsic motivation of public officials between the two distinctive organizations within the U.S. federal agencies, namely, the U. S. Coast Guard and National Research Center. The findings include, first, the intrinsic motivation of the employees in the Coast Guard were strongly influenced by the role clarity, since their organizations are characterized by strong bureaucratic culture and way of conducting tasks. Second, to the contrary, the intrinsic motivation of employees in the national research center tend to be strongly influenced by their career perspective, since their organizations are characterized by outstanding individual achievement through innovation. Third, as for the impact of performance management on intrinsic motivation, it increases the intrinsic motivation of the employees in the research center, while it decreases their intrinsic motivation of employees in the Coast Guard.

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