‘일·생활 균형’으로의 패러다임전환을 위한 이론적 검토와 법제 정립에 대한 연구
A Study on Reviewing theory and Redesigning the legal system to paradigm shift the Work-Life Balance
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저출산ㆍ고령화 및 여성의 사회진출에 대한 일ㆍ가정양립을 위해 2008년 「남녀고용평등법」을 「남녀고용평등과 일ㆍ가정양립 지원에 관한 법률」로 변경, 각종 제도시행을 하고 있지만 아직 우리사회의 일ㆍ가정양립문화의 완전한 정착은 요원하기만 하다. 여성의 일ㆍ가정 양립을 위한 정책과 임신 및 육아로 경력이 단절된 여성에 대한 재취업 및 창업 활성화 지원, 여성인재뱅크 설립 등 다양한 여성의 일자리창출 정책을 개발해 여성의 고용률을 높이는 동시에 인구절벽에 따른 생산가능인구 부족현상을 대체해 나가는 법과 정책이 필요하다. 저출산ㆍ고령화 문제를 이미 겪은 유럽 국가들(스웨덴ㆍ영국ㆍ프랑스 등)에서도 일ㆍ가정 양립을 넘어 ‘일ㆍ생활 균형 정책(Work Life Balance Policies)’에 대한 논의가 이루어지고 있으며, 이러한 정책의 실시를 통해 출산문제의 해결을 기함은 물론 고령화 문제, 취업률 제고 등에 적극적으로 대처하고 있다. 일ㆍ생활 균형에 대한 요구는 여성의 노동참여라는 정책적 ‘당위성’이 아니라 맞벌이 가족 증가와 2인 소득자 사회 진입이라는 ‘현실변화’에 기초하여 정당화되고 있다. 특히 여성정책적 성격을 갖는 전통적 ‘일ㆍ가정 양립’ 요구에서 생활정치적 성격을 갖는 ‘일ㆍ생활 균형’ 요구로 방향전환된 데에는 무엇보다도 저출산ㆍ고령화라는 근대적 젠더체제의 부작용이 기인한 바가 크다. 최근 우리나라에서도 관찰되는 일ㆍ생활 균형으로서의 패러다임 전환은 실제로 저출산ㆍ고령화라는 인구학적 위기의식에 기초해 있고, 이와 관련해서 논의의 축은 노동시간의 재편으로 귀결된다고 할 수 있다. 또한, 일ㆍ생활 균형에 대한 요구는 노동권과 부모권을 조화시키는 문제로 전환된다. 남성의 육아권이나 돌봄노동에 대한 선언적 수준이 아닌 가정의 유지를 위해 반드시 전제되어야 하는 권리임과 동시에 의무로서 정착될 필요가 있다. 또한, 가정내에서의 부모동권의 실현에서 비혼화, 만혼화에 대비한 1인 가족 시대에 부합하는 노동권으로서 국민적 권리로 인식하고 실현해야 할 때이다.
Abstract
The only problem with this time-old growth paradigm is it can neither last forever nor work well any longer in a post-industrialized Korea. According to an OECD report, Koreans work for an average of 2,316 hours a year, 30 percent more than the average 1,768 hours put in by the 30-member club of the world's richest countries, and far longer than runner-up Hungary's 1,986 hours. Unfortunately, Koreans' level of satisfaction with their jobs hits the bottom level among OECD members, and their labor productivity stands at a mere 65 percent of the industrial countries' average. It is small surprise then the government has recently decided to move toward reducing the nation's notoriously long working hours. The conclusion is that ‘Balance is something impossible’, ‘Work as a negative experience’, Workplace ‘being seized with fear’, ‘Teamwork=Something sorry’ etc. No matter how good Work-Family Balance Policies may be, it just wouldn’t good in poor work place. We must try to create a virtuous cycle of more government’s investment, more corporate efforts, and higher social concern. Changing the nation's labor paradigm is a long-term issue that can greatly can affect the work and life of all Koreans, and not the one that should be worked out in haste to show to foreign guests. Unless the new system works to expand social safety networks and leads to a more employment-friendly labor environment, it could only end up as aggravating both the work and lives of Koreans. There was a time when the boundaries between work and home were fairly clear. Today, however, work is likely to invade your personal life - and maintaining work-life balance is no simple task. Despite the worldwide quest of Work-Life Balance, very few have found an acceptable definition of the concept. Here's a proven definition that will positively impact your everyday value and balance starting today. Let's first define what work-life balance is not. Work-Life Balance does not mean an equal balance. Trying to schedule an equal number of hours for each of your various work and personal activities is usually unrewarding and unrealistic. Life is and should be more fluid than that. Your best individual work-life balance will vary over time, often on a daily basis. The right balance for you today will probably be different for you tomorrow. The right balance for you when you are single will be different when you marry, or if you have children. There is no perfect balance everybody should be striving for. The best work-life balance is different for each of us because we all have different priorities and different lives. However, at the core of an effective work-life balance, there are two key concepts, daily achievement and enjoyment. Most of us already have a good grasp on the meaning of achievement. But let's explore the concept of enjoyment a little more. Enjoyment does not just mean “Ha-Ha” happiness. It means Pride, Satisfaction, Happiness, Celebration, Love, A Sense of Well Being and all the joys of Living. That's true for all of us. Life will deliver the value and balance we desire when we are achieving and enjoying something every single day.
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