호서지역 서원의 지역적 특성과 정치적 성격 - 숙종대 노소론계 서원을 중심으로 -

Abstract

This study closely examined the regional development and identity of Sung Confucianism in relation to the personal connection based on school and factional inclination through the construction of schools and shrines in Chungcheong-do provinces of Korea. Chungcheong-do provinces were the major stage of activities for classic scholars out of power Westerners Faction-Old Doctrine Faction circles such as Song Jun-Gil, Song Si-Yeol, Kim Jip, and Kim Jang-Saeng who produced a number of men of great loyalty during two major wars, Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592 and Manchu War of 1636, and pursued the Institution of Courtesy. For this reason, Chungcheong-do provinces were closely connected with the national political powers and the political strife and factional inclinations became tense in these provinces. The school oriented personal network of the Institution of Courtesy circles of Chungcheong-do provinces (Hoseo Yehak) and Westerners Faction circles was divided into the Old Doctrine Faction and Young Doctrine Faction around the mid 17th century due to the differences in the view of reality concerning the interpretation of Confusion classics, in the interpretation and view of the doctrine of Chu-tz, and the view of the Institution of Courtesy. This is well reflected in the construction and activities of schools and shrines. The trend in the construction of classical schools in Chungcheong- do provinces show that the base of Westerners Faction-Old Doctrine Faction circles were Gongjumok and Cheongjumok whereas Hongjumok and Chungjumok were dominated by non-Old Doctrine Faction circles. The characteristics of schools and shrines built in the reign of King Sukjong of the Joseon Dynasty are the construction of schools that belong to the Old Doctrine Faction circles and the shrines for Song Si-Yeol, and this well represents the regional dominance of the Old Doctrine Faction. On the other hand, the schools of Young Doctrine Faction circles (or non-Old Doctrine Faction circles) in Chungcheong-do provinces were concentrated in Hongjumok and Chungjumok than Gongjumok and Hongjumok. The schools of Young Doctrine Faction circles showed great activities before and after the 20th year in the reign of King Sukjong of the Joseon Dynasty when the Old and New Doctrine Factions co-existed and competed with each other and in the reign of King Gyeongjong when the Young Doctrine Faction came to power.