1792년 만인소 운동에 드러난 퇴계학의 영향

Abstract

This paper aims to examine the influence of Toegye Studies during the Maninso Movement of 1792, the first of its kind in Joseon, led by the Yeongnam-Namin (The Toegye’s school). The study seeks to explore how the philosophical principles of Toegye’s school extended beyond abstract Neo-Confucian debates, such as the “Four-Seven Debate” and the “Sim-Kyung-Bu-Ju(心經附註) Debate” to influence specific historical events and practical actions. Although the study of Toegy’s Studies has a long tradition, it has primarily been focused on Neo-Confucian theory, especially within the discipline of philosophy. Research has concentrated on analyzing Yi Hwang’s philosophical positions and identifying his theoretical contributions. These studies have contributed to a broader understanding of Toegye’s Studies and the characteristics of Korean Neo-Confucianism. However, for such research to hold deeper significance, it is crucial to investigate how these theoretical stances were applied to real-life situations and historical events. Particularly, since Toegye emphasized practical action through the cultivation of the mind, examining the lives of those influenced by Toegye’s thought is essential to understanding its real-world impact. In this regard, this paper focuses on the 1792 Maninso Movement, which was a large-scale petition campaign that could potentially have altered the course of Joseon history and was led by the YeongnamNamin. The term “Maninso” refers to a petition signed by ten thousand or more individuals, or a similar large-scale movement. In Joseon, a total of seven Maninso movements took place, including the “1792 Petition for the Rehabilitation of Crown Prince Sado,” which is the focus of this study. All seven Maninso movements were initiated or primarily led by the Yeongnam-Namin, signifying a unique movement driven by those rooted in Toegye’s philosophy. By analyzing this unique movement, this paper extracts and identifies aspects of the 1792 Maninso Movement that can be understood through the influence of Toegye’s philosophy. The study begins by briefly outlining the background and progression of the 1792 Maninso Movement (Chapter 2). It then examines how the movement reflected Toegye’s philosophical emphasis on “Li” (principle) (Chapter 3) and explores how Toegye’s practical philosophy manifested in the actions of his followers (Chapter 4). Through this analysis, the paper goes beyond interpreting Toegye’s thought within the confines of Neo-Confucian theory and investigates how it informed real-world judgments and actions.