퇴계학 전승과 학파의 이론 기반으로서 '퇴계학' 성립에관한 연구(2) - 사단칠정론을 중심으로

Abstract

This paper is the second attempt to examine the process of how Yi Hwang’s philosophy had became 'Toegye Studies (退溪學)' after his death and its contents. It is to look at the process in which philosophical characteristics that he pursued had been organized and become ‘Toegye Studies,’ which that can be considered as the core theory of the Yeongnam School. While the first research for this reviewed how Yi Hwang's position on 'Simgyeong Buju (心經附註)' was turned into 'Toegye Studies' among his disciples, this study is based on this and goes further to look at which aspects of his 'Sadan Chiljung Theory(四 端七情論),' which best shows Neo-Confucian characteristics, led to the name 'Toegye Studies.' Through this, we will be able to understand how Toegye Studies, which is often characterized by ‘Juri Theory (主理 論),’ became a ‘one position’ after his death. To achieve this, the paper first summarizes characteristics of Sadan Chiljung Theory that Yi Hwang and his initial disciples had. It is to examine how his Sadan Chiljung Theory had been viewed and accepted by the disciplies before the basic position called Juri Theory. Chapter 3 confirms criticism of Yulgok Studies’s followers on the basic theory of Toegye Studies after his death through Yi I, Song Si-yeol, and Han Won-jin. In particular, it can be confirmed how Yi Hwang’s philosophy was criticized in the self-justification of Giho School. Based on this, Chapter 4 summarizes theoretical characteristics shown in the anti-criticism of Yulgok Studies with a focus on Yi Hyun-il and Yi Sang-jeong. Through this, the paper confirms that the Juri Theory-based characteristic of Yi Hwang’s philosophy was the position of securing practicality of the virtue through Ri controlling and regulating Ki, and such position was converged into ‘Toegye Studies’ amid strong criticism from Yulgok Studies. While this characteristic leads to a certain degree of discrepancy when only Yi Hyun-il and Yi Sang-jeong are compared, it still holds significant importance as it fought against criticism from Yulgok Studies and created the specificity of Toegye Studies.