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성장하는 세계도시의 주거양극화?:방콕의 케이티드 커뮤니티와 비공식 주거지 사례연구

Hosing Polarization in an Emerging World City?: Between Gated Communities and Informal Housing in Bangkok

권태호
한국아시아학회 (The Korean Association Of Asian Studies(Kaas))|2007.10|아시아연구 (The Journal of Asian Studies)|제10권 제2호

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참고문헌

키워드

세계화Globalization주변화해외직접투자Foreign Direct Investment(FDI)Marginalization주거양극화게이티드 커뮤니티비공식 주거지슬럼과 스쿼터Housing PolarizationGated Communities(GC)Informal HousingSlums and Squatters
주제분류지역학

초록

세계화의 구현은 공간적 이슈이다. 동남아시아의 거대도시들이 세계화하는 과정에서 관찰되는 뚜렷한 경향의 하나는 저소득층의 주변화문제이고, 도시공간의 재구조화 측면에서 보면 이는 곧 주거양극화와 밀접히 관련된다. 해외직접투자 유치와 산업단지개발로 대변되는 거대도시 경제세계화는 소득과 주거의 양극화 문제를 극복하지 못할 경우 사회적 지속가능성을 위협할 수 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 논문은 관련 문헌분석과 현지조사를 바탕으로 방콕의 경제세계화와 관련한 게이티드 커뮤니티(gated community: GC)와 비공식 주거지를 분석함으로써 동남아 수위도시들의 주거환경 양극화 문제를 이해하고, 관련 정책적 함의를 도출하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본 논문은, i) 세계화가 도시에 미치는 영향을 주거양극화를 중심으로 고찰하고 이와 관련한 GC와 비공식 주거지 문제를 분석한 다음 (2장), ii) 방콕의 GC인 니차다 타니(Nichada Thani)와 타클롱(Tarklong)지역 비공식 주거지를 설명하고 (3장), iii) 저소득층 주거 해결을 위한 태국정부의 최근 노력과 관련 정책 함의를 제시 한다 (4장).

Abstract

In a sense, the realization of globalization is seen as a spatial issue. A salient feature observed under the process of the mega-cities' economic globalization in Southeast Asia would be low-income people's marginalization which, in turn, is closely related to housing polarization from the angle of mega-urban spatial restructuring. Economic globalization, incarnated not only by accommodation of foreign direct investment(FDI) but by construction of mega-projects and industrial complexes such as free export zone, is likely to endanger mega-urban social sustainability unless it could vanquish or at least mitigate deepening level of polarizations among socio․economic groups. This article, through the analyses of gated communities(GC) and informal housing under the light of economic globalization in Bangkok Metropolitan Area(BMA), is to understand the issue of housing polarization in the globalizing mega-city. For the purpose, Nichada Thani GC at Samakee Road and informal housing in Tarklong area were selected for the case studies. The article also brings out some useful policy implications.

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