네팔의 사회안전망으로서 공적이전소득이 얼마나 효과적이었는가?
How Effective were the Public Transfersas a Social Safety Net in Nepal?
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
네팔의 1995-96년의 가구 자료에 대하여 Generalized Tobit (Heckman's 2 step 추정) 추정 모형을 이용하여 본 연구는 사적이전소득의 동기와 공적이전소득의 구축효과 (crowding-out effect) 여부를 검토하였다. 또한, 같은 자료를 사용하지만 Probit과 Tobit 모형을 사용한 Kang (2004)의 결과와 어떻게 다른지를 비교․검토하였다. 연구결과를 보면 다른 연구 결과들과 달리 네팔의 경우 사적이전소득의 동기나 공적이전소득의 구축효과가 통계적으로 유의하게 나타나지 않고 다른 가구 특성들이 유의하게 나타나고 있다. 이는 빈곤국의 하나로써 네팔의 경우 아직 사회안전망이 제대로 구축이 되지 않았고 또한 공적이전소득 중 공무원에만 해당되는 연금의 비중이 크게 나타나는 데서 알 수 있다.
Abstract
Using a Generalized Tobit (Heckman's two step estimation) for household data from Nepal for 1995-96, the paper investigates the motives of private transfers and tests whether public transfers crowded out private transfers. In addition, the results are compared with that of the companion study, Kang(2004), which used the same data but different estimation methods, Probit and Tobit estimation separately. From the estimation, it is inferred that the motives of private transfers and crowding-out effect of public transfers are not identified. These results are quite similar to those of Kang(2004), impling that the results do not depend on estimation method. These results indicate that social safety nets of Nepal reflected by various pensions were not well-prepared. Or the result is mainly due to low share of public transfers or low share of employment provident fund that plays a significant distribution role. In decision equation it is shown that the probability to receive private transfers is negatively related with household size. However, the probability as well as amount of private transfers are positively related with the number of elderly and children.
참고문헌 (27)
- "Parental Altruism and Invervivos Transfers: Theory and Evidence", 105(6), pp.1121~1166 (1997)
- "A Theory of Social Interactions Journal of Political Economy", pp.1063~1093 (1974)
- "Journal of Political Economy", pp.1045~1076 (1985)
- "Nepal Living Standards Survey.1995-96: 『Statistical Reoprt』" (1996), National Planning Commision Secretariat His Majesty’s Government, Nepal
- "Motives for Private Income Transfers Journal of Political Economy", pp.508~546 (1987)
- "Quarterly Journal of Economics"
- "Motives for Private Transfers over the Life Cycle: An Analytical Framework and Evidence for Peru", 55(1), pp.57~80 (1998)
- "The Connection between Public Transfers and Private Interfamily Transfers", 57(1), pp.129~167 (1995)
- "Evidence from Survey Data Review of Economics and Statistics", pp.445~454 (1990)
- "Achieving Social Objectives through Private Transfers 20 How Effective were the Public Transfers as a Social Safety Net in Nepal?5", pp.205~218 (1990)
- "Social Security and Private Transfers in Developing Countries The Case of Peru", pp.155~169 (1992)
- "Private Transfers and the Effectiveness of Public Income Redistribution in the Philippines" (1995), Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press
- "Review of Economics and Statistics", pp.305~314 (1992)
- "Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error", eco(metrica), pp.153~161 (1979)
- "Do Private Transfers ‘Displace’ the Benefits of Public Transfers? Evidence from South Africa", 88(1, pp.2) (2003), 89~112
- "Analysis of Private Transfers with Panel Fixed Effect Censored Model Estimator", 80(2), pp.233~237 (2003)
- "Are Private Transfers Crowded Out by Public Transfers?", XLII(4), pp.510~528 (2004)
- "Did Public Transfers Crowd out Private Transfers in Korea during the Financial Crisis?" (2007), mimeo, University of Tsukuba
- "Are Private Transfers Altruistically Motivated? The Case of Korea before and during the Financial Crisis", 41(4), pp.484~501 (2003)
- "A Model of Income Transfers for the Urban Poor Journal of Development Economics", pp.337~350 (1986)
- "Motivation to Remit Evidence from Botswana Journal of Political Economy", pp.901~918 (1985)
- "Concept Paper on PRSP", 10th Plan, 2002, ~
- "Parental and Public Transfers to Young Women and Their Children", pp.1195~1212 (1994)
- "Safety Net Programs and Poverty Reduction : Lessons from Cros Country Experience" (1997), World Bank: Washington, DC.
- "Social Protection in Nepal at a Glance" (2001)
- "Nepal: Poverty at the Turn of the TwentyFirst Century", 174 (1999)
- "World Development Report 2000", 2001: Attacking Poverty, 2001, ~
