필리핀 빈곤구제사업에 관한 연구
The Poverty Alleviation Program in thePhilippines
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본 논문은 동남아시아 저개발국가의 하나인 필리핀의 빈곤문제를 해결하기 위한 정부의 빈곤대책사업과 지역차원의 실행요인을 찾아 국가발전을 위한 자생적 노력의 정책적 효과를 살펴보고자 했다. 필리핀의 전통적 사회경제적 문제는 국민 대다수의 총체적 빈곤에 기인하고 있다. 이는 국가의 산업화, 도시화 과정에서 도시빈민의 새로운 문제를 야기하며 더욱 복잡한 형태로 전개되고 있다. 과거 아시아의 강국이었던 필리핀은 21세기에 들어서며 새로운 경제성장과 도약의 계기를 마련코자 정부와 민간이 국가개발을 위해 협력적 사업을 전개하고 있다. 특히 빈곤문제의 해결을 위한 근본적 처방을 ‘필리핀 어젠다 21’이라는 정책을 통해 국가의 장기적 정책목표와 빈곤퇴치를 위한 전략적 사업목표를 설정하고 지방정부와 민간영역의 협업적 강화를 다차원적으로 전개하였다. 그 결과로 필리핀의 빈곤의 원인과 특성을 전제로 인구, 소득, 교육, 보건, 주택을 위한 정치경제 사회적 요인들을 지표화 하였고 이를 위한 정부의 투자전략과 정책적 우선순위를 마련하였다. 필리핀 정부는 이 과정을 통해 국가개발을 위한 자생적 노력과 함께 남북협력의 길을 통한 지구촌 공동체의 공존의 길을 위한 정책적 요인들을 찾아 실행해야 하는 새로운 과제를 구축하였다.
Abstract
The relationship between causes and trends of the urban poors is an old issue that has gained currency because of the recent focus of governments, multi-lateral agencies and other development organizations on poverty alleviation. This paper presents evidence on the relationship among the urban poors and government poverty alleviation program through the descriptive method in the Philippines. Providing a systematic clarification of the reason of the urban poors and activating of the poverty alleviation program by government in the philippines is the objective of this paper. The period of study is mainly from 1985 to 2000, and I refer to the situation of 2005. It is expected that the clarification will be able to inform discussion on the role of government and NGO's or private sector plays a role in the poverty alleviation efforts in the philippines. Then, a section describe the data based evidence of the links between government and NGO's programs for the urban poors in the philippines. With regard to the government program "Philippine Agenda 21" and the local government agency, "the Calapan City" is dealt with as a case study. The final section draws some implication factors of policy and recommendation. As the experience of many cities in the Philippines demonstrates, urban poverty has roots in rural poverty. The rural poor would most likely leave the farms for the city in search of employment and livelihood opportunities, but all too often, they end up jobless and homeless in the urban centers thus swelling the ranks of the urban poor. Programs to alleviate rural poverty must be undertaken as vital components of over-all poverty reduction efforts. In this regard, the city is also delivering to the rural poor the social development programs being extended to the urban poor especially in health care, education and livelihood generation.
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