조선조 토지개혁사상과 토지제도에 대한 연구

Abstract

The social situation in the end of Korea was a drastic catastrophe with economic downfall of the people resulting from tyranny of the ruling class inside and national ordeal with endless invasions by Red Turban and Japanese raiders, oppression by the Ming Dynasty and political interruption from the Yuan Dynasty outside. Noblemen whose political ambition was identical with Lee Seong-gye desiring to found a new country presented with many systematic renovation plans to lessen distress of the people and secure legitimacy of the new regime. Meanwhile, the economic fundamental was in the land systems, and their reformation had to be raised as a priority. Especially, Jeong Do-jeon, who has embodied the foundation ideology for Chosun as a monarchy based on the bureaucracy could understand that the decadence of land system is the main reason of social unbalance and the factor that troubles people's lives. A group that led the renovation such as Jeong Do-jeon in order to do away with the defaults of private land led the launch of Chosun Dynasty with their conquering Dopyeong-euisasa and implementing Gwa-Jeon law. The fundamental system of Chosun economy was in the land economy. The government's financial income was mainly appropriated by Land Taxation as to the land. Therefore, many scholars paid attention to the land system so as to maintain healthy national finance and enrich people's lives, because stable life of its people through economic stability was the very ground to realize monarchy. However, realistic limits on the land, monopoly by a few, and evil inheritance, etc. required reformation in the land system. Especially, with the growing pain of the people owing to the possession of land by the ruling party after Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592 to a serious extent, and Eungyeol, etc., another reformation of land system by Silhak school surfaces. At that time, land as a factor of production aggravated people suffering from fundamental imbalance, and this acts as a limit of the Chosun era. The land system of Chosun Dynasty is divided into Gwa-Jeon law in the beginning of Chosun, Jikjeon-law in the 1st half, and the land system of the 2nd half, and the main renovation ideas were Jeongjeon-system, Gyunjeon-system, and Hanjeon-system, etc. However, the ideal renovations appeared from the ideology faced difficult realization by the system concerned. This study delved into the basic idea of Jeongjeon-system as the means to realize Chosun monarchy, and explored the realistic background and ideological characteristics which came to introduce Jeongjeon-system. In addition, it described the details of transformation in the land system of Chosun Dynasty.