고려 5도 양계의 성립과 변천에 관한 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to explain the process of the establishment of 5-Do Yanggye and it’s changes by analyzing the regional governing system from the early age of Koryeo dynasty. In the early years of Koryeo, the Jeonunsa, the Geumyu and the Jojang were the local administrators for the taxes and tributes. However the king Seongjong had abolished the Geumyu and the Jojang in the 2nd year of the king and established the 12-Moks for the purpose of centralization. The success of his centralization policies resulted in the establishment of the 10-Do 12-Jeoldosa system in the 14th year of the king. The 10-Do 12-Jeoldosa was the centralized local military administrative system which governed by three local minister who were the Jeonunsa, the Jasa and the Jeoldosa. This local governing system was similar to that of Song dynasty in China. The three dimension system was reformed in the 8th year of king Mokjong and the powers concentrated to the two local minister – the Jeonunsa and the Jeoldosa. The 75-Do reformation in the 3rd. year of king Hyeonjong was to change the 12 troups army of the Jeoldosa for the 75 town guards in the whole country. The Jeoldosa was abolished in this reform and his authorities were divided into Anchalsa and Anmusa. So the three members of local minsters- the Jeonusnsa, the Anmusa and the Anchalsa were charge the responsibilities of local military and civil adminstration. The reorganization of local institution in the 9th year of the king Hyeonjong was to solve the problems which derived from the 75-Do system. The town guard force were allocated intensively on the border areas so called Yanggye to strengthen the national defence and established the commanding system which was deferent from that of 5-Dos which were the southern areas of the capital Gyeongy. The relationships between the central and subordinated towns in 5-Dos were also clearly established to effectively manage the town guards under the supervision of three local ministers who were 8-Moks, Anchalsa and Jeonunsa. In this reform, the 7 Anmusas were substituted by 8 Moks and later, in the 20th year of king, the Jeonunsa was also abolished. The 5-Do Yanggye — Yanggwang, Gyeongsang, Jeolla, Seohae, Gyoju, Donggye and Bukgye were established in the 9th year of Hyeonjong and mainly used for the areas of military administration, inspection and expelling the local officers. Except the Jeolla and Seohae, however, the names of 5-Do which used the two main central towns were different with the numbers of local minsters — Gyesugwans who charged the responsibility of local civil administration and it made the local powerful families resist to use the names. This was the main reason why the three names of 5-Do did not found in the Koryeosa. These names were appeared in the changed forms after the age of king Yejong and varied according to the changes of the powers of local nobilities.