'Affirmative Action'을 통해 본 교육평등의 의미 연구

Abstract

This study is aimed at understanding the educational equality in the ‘Affirmative Action’ in America. Educational equality has long been a source of political and philosophical controversy. ‘Affirmative Action’ is an answer that controversy. ‘Affirmative Action’ originated in the America under President Kennedy and Johnson. But that was based on severe ‘Civil Right Act’ from 1800`s. It was originally designed to ensure that employees and applicants for jobs with government contractors did not suffer discrimination. However ‘Affirmative Action’ was used to refer to policies aimed at compensating African-Americans and women for unjust discrimination and at improving their opportunities to gain employment and university entrance. An important implication of this shift was that ‘Affirmative Action’ came to mean preferential treatment and compensatory justice. But there has been much criticism of this policy. The most common accusation is that preferential treatment and compensatory justice is reverse discrimination. This accusation was resulted in ‘California proposition 209’. California voters approved ‘Proposition 209’ and effort to abolished ‘Affirmative Action’, because they thought that “At some unknown date during the late 1980's, and with no attention paid whatsoever, whites became a minority in California.” Therefore minorities in California had not any preferential treatment. ‘Affirmative Action’ in education has means positive equal policy. It`s not only equal opportunity in education but also equal curriculum and preferential treatment in education all around. Educational minorities have hope to see their dream realized in ‘Affirmative Action’. The spirit of ‘Affirmative Action’ is important means to improve in our country`s educational situation through positive equal policy in education.